五代进士研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 10:06

本文选题：进士 + 地域　；参考：《中央民族大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在唐代后期,进士及第开始成为知识分子进入高官序列的主要途径。唐末五代战火不断,科举照常举行,进士科依然是其中最重要的科目。这些及第的进士们,是知识分子的代表,研究他们的群体特征,可以反映五代政治、社会风貌的一些方面,同时,作为唐宋间社会巨变的一个重要过渡时期,五代时期的政治、经济、文化等状况较之前代王朝发生了巨大的变化,这些变化,在五代的进士群体中也有体现。全文共分四个部分。第一部分中,结合学者对清人徐松《登科记考》的系列研究和订补,查证五代时期五个中原王朝共开科47次,640位进士及第。但因年代久远和五代史料本身就比较残缺混乱,这些进士中姓名可考的只有两成,关于其家世、籍贯、仕宦经历等资料有记载的更少,故此,本文首先结合其他学者的研究成果,绘制出五代进士基本情况简表,而后文的研究,全是在此基础上展开。文章的第二部分,对五代进士地域分布上的相关问题进行探讨。五代的进士分布,在南与北、东和西两个层面上而言,与当时关中势力衰退、南方力量兴起的大局势是比较一致的。但因为南北分裂,南方士子在北上应举一事上,较之统一王朝,存在着诸多障碍,因此,纵然在此时南方已经成为了当时的文化中心,但直到北宋统一,南方的文化优势才开始在科举考试中予以显现。文章的第三部分,对五代进士的家世和进士家族进行讨论。在古代中国,个人仕途与其家世背景之间始终存在直接或间接的联系,门阀制度更是将这种联系固化。而起于隋唐的科举取士则逐渐打破了门阀制度。从已有的资料来看,在五代武夫当道、文士卑微的大环境下,五代进士及第者中尤以寒素家庭出身者为多,其出身的社会阶层较之唐代更为广泛。因累世进士及第而出现的进士家族在五代也有出现,但在时间上却以公元930年为界,前后存在着明显的差别,这种差别,正是五代时期各朝对文士态度的不同造成的。第四部分,对五代进士的仕宦状况进行分析。五代的进士及第者们虽然出身以寒素居多,但在进入仕途后,官宦家庭出身的进士从初授官职到最终仕宦状况而言,大多要好过寒素子弟。不过这时的门第因素,却与前代在内容上有很大的不同。此外,即使能累世进士及第,想要累世都占据高位,却是非常困难。除了一个好的家庭出身外,进入藩镇幕府也是日后腾达的重要因素,进士若有幸,在幕府能结识日后的帝王或权臣,对其仕途更是大有裨益。
[Abstract]:In the late Tang Dynasty, scholars and intellectuals began to become the main way for intellectuals to enter the rank of senior officials. At the end of Tang Dynasty, the imperial examination was held as usual, and Jinshi was still one of the most important subjects. These and their scholars are representatives of intellectuals. Studying their collective characteristics can reflect some aspects of the political and social features of the five dynasties. At the same time, as an important transitional period during the great changes in society between the Tang and Song dynasties, the politics of the five dynasties, The economic and cultural conditions have changed greatly compared with the previous dynasties, and these changes are also reflected in the Jin Shi group of the five dynasties. The full text is divided into four parts. In the first part, combined with the scholars' series of research and supplement on Xu Song of Qing Dynasty, the author verifies that the five dynasties in the five dynasties had a total of 47 branches and 640 scholars. However, due to the fact that the historical materials of the old and the five dynasties themselves are relatively incomplete and chaotic, only 20% of these scholars can get their names tested, and there are even fewer records of their family background, place of origin, official experience, and so on. Therefore, In this paper, we first draw a summary table of the basic situation of the five dynasties jinshi by combining the research results of other scholars, and then the research in this paper is carried out on this basis. In the second part of the article, the paper discusses the regional distribution of Jin Shi in five dynasties. The distribution of Jin Shi in the five dynasties was consistent with the decline of the Guanzhong power and the rise of the southern power on the two levels of south and north, east and west. However, because of the split between the north and the south, there were many obstacles to the south's coming to the north as compared with the unified dynasty. So, even though the south had become the cultural center of the time, it was until the unification of the Northern Song Dynasty. The cultural advantage of the South began to manifest itself in the imperial examinations. The third part of the article, the five-generation Jinshi family and the family discussed. In ancient China, there was always a direct or indirect connection between one's career and his family background. The imperial examination from the Sui and Tang dynasties gradually broke the system of door-valve. According to the existing data, in the great environment of Wu Fu of the five dynasties and the humble scholars of the five dynasties, most of the scholars and scholars of the five dynasties came from the Han Su family, and their social strata were more extensive than those of the Tang Dynasty. The family of Jin Shi appeared in the five dynasties, but the time was limited by 930 AD, and there were obvious differences before and after. This difference was caused by the different attitudes of the five dynasties to the scribes. The fourth part analyzes the official status of Jin Shi in five dynasties. Although most of the five dynasties scholars and scholars were born in the cold, but after entering the official career, the official family from the first official position to the final official status, most of them are better than the cold Su-son. However, at this time, the first factor, and the previous generation in the content is very different. In addition, it is very difficult to gain a high position even if you can work hard. Apart from a good family background, entering the shogunate of San Francisco is also an important factor in the future success. If the Jin Shi is lucky enough to get to know the emperors or ministers in the shogunate, it will be of great benefit to his career.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K243.1;D691.3

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