唐代教育与文学

发布时间：2018-05-12 22:28

本文选题：唐代 + 教育　；参考：《南开大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：本文的研究对象为唐代教育与文学的关系。在唐代，教育和文学均处于昌盛发达时期，教育以或隐或显的方式作用于文人知识结构的形成和文学素养的提高，是他们具备文学创作能力的必要前提，，因而也是影响唐代文学繁荣发展的重要一极。第一章，唐代教育资源社会化与文人群体的扩大。在教育制度方面，唐代有中央和地方的两级官学制以及合法化和多样化的私学。与此同时，唐代具备有利的政治、经济和文化条件。教育制度与这些因素共同作用，促成了唐代教育资源的社会化，其显著表现是教育受众的增加和教育普及面的扩大，这是导致唐代文人群体扩大的重要成因。第二章，唐代教育思想与文人及文学。尊圣崇儒是唐代的基本教育思想，唐初这一思想的提出强化了部分士人的社会责任感和儒道自任意识，加剧了其人生矛盾，使他们的作品充满张力。高宗后期和武后时期，由于政治统治的需要，尊圣崇儒教育思想被有意淡化，官僚系统对人才的需求使教育与仕进紧密结合，教育思想中功利的一面尤为凸显，这对文人进取意识的强化产生了一定影响。盛唐社会环境的改善促进了教育的进一步发展，但教育培养的人才数量较多，社会能吸纳的人才相对较少，教育培养的人才多为礼乐之士，官僚系统更需要吏能之士，教育思想和教育结果与社会实际需要之间产生了矛盾。士人的人生理想和实际遭遇因为这些矛盾出现错位，在文学创作中表现出复杂的心态。中晚唐士人从科举与教育关系的角度对教育进行了反思，这些反思在一定程度上丰富了唐代教育思想，但所提出的改革策略很难实施，只是更进一步明确了中晚唐教育的困境。复古思潮中复兴“师道”的思想，是这种反思的延续，它力图发掘教育传承儒家道统的独立价值，这在一定程度上淡化了知识阶层对唐王朝的心理认同。儒道传承的落空以及对政权认同的淡化使知识分子进退失据，在文学作品中表现出无所依凭的游移心态。第三章，唐代经学教育对文学的影响。唐代经学教育有完整的体系。太宗时期和高宗前期，官方经学教材《五经正义》的编纂使经学简化，教材统一，加以科举试帖经的要求，使得章句成为记诵对象，儒家经典作为语言和典故材料融入文人的知识储备库从而进入了他们的文学创作。盛唐时期经学教育偏重于《孝经》，强调伦理，这与此一时期雅正雄浑的文学风格的形成有一定关联。安史乱后经学教育重心下移，由中央官学主导转而为私学中士人主导，这带动了士人在社会思想和文化领域中主体意识的增强，从而使用以表达士人在社会思想领域探索的诗文中文与道的关系进一步密切，同时为诗为文努力创新，很少蹈袭前人。第四章，唐代文学教育与文学的发展。唐代文学教育的兴起有这一时期独有的成因，唐前文学在形式和技巧上的发展、唐代好文风尚的浸染以及科举取士重文学的刺激都是重要因素。唐代文学教育的主要内容是类书、《文选》和诗格等，文学教育的具体活动就是依托于这些文学教育内容传承文学知识和创作经验，它具有从语言材料到声律规则再到技巧门径的明显上升的层次性，这导致在文学教育和学习方式上也体现出从阅读积累到模仿熟练再到体会感悟的逐级提高的过程。唐代文学教育的内容在唐人的创作中留下了较为鲜明的印迹，在内容的借鉴、题材的取资、典故的吸纳、对偶的采用方面最为明显。第五章，唐代童蒙教育与儿童诗。唐代之所以出现众多杰出的文学家，与他们自幼接受过良好教育密不可分。本章从考察唐代有代表性的三部蒙书——《蒙求》、《太公家教》和《兔园策府》入手探讨唐代蒙书与童蒙教育的关系，并进而对中原内地和敦煌地区这两大童蒙教育版块从教育内容、教育途径和教育者三方面进行比较，在此基础上分析两地迥然有别的童蒙教育使他们各自的诗歌创作所发生的构思上的精巧与随意，题材上的狭窄与丰富，语言上的文雅与通俗，表现手法上的多样与单一的变化。第六章，唐代女性教育与女性的文学活动。唐代教育的普及使女性成为受教育群体的一部分。本章从唐代现存两部女教书——《女孝经》和《女论语》切入，藉以考察唐代女性教育的内容以及不同的教育内容对女性诗歌创作的影响。诗歌教育的特有方式和女红教育的共同作用，使女性诗歌中出现了与之相应的仿作和女性书写特质；经史教育之于女性创作最显著的影响是女性诗歌中经史语典的大量化用；道德礼法是唐代女性最重要的教育内容，这表现在道德礼法内容在她们的诗歌中频繁出现。唐代女性受教育的成效，除表现在诗歌创作上之外，妓女传唱和寡母教孤也是两种与唐代文学密切相关的展示方式。第七章，唐代留学生教育与留学生群体的文化作用。唐代教育具有鲜明的开放性特征，接收留学生是其最显著的表现。与此相适应，唐代也形成了成熟完备的留学生管理制度。唐代特设宾贡科以满足留学生在唐及第的愿望，对于宾贡及第的留学生，在管理上也给予了很大的宽松度。留学生在唐期间与唐代文人多有诗歌交往，这不仅密切了唐王朝与周边国家的友好关系，而且对双方的文学创作也产生了积极影响。留学生群体的文化作用主要表现在本国教育体制构建和汉文学发展两个领域。第八章，书院初兴与中晚唐士人转型及儒学复兴。“书院”之名最早出现于唐高祖武德年间。从藏书、授徒和地点三个方面考察，真正具有教育性质的书院实源于山林寺院。唐五代书院主要由地方士人和地方家族创办，这折射出唐五代时期士从世家大族向地方士人转型的特征。此外，唐五代书院还初步表现出与当时学术思想潮流的密切关联。习业书院的士人习古文，读经典，又不限于章句，自觉阐发儒经精义以求救世治乱，这既凸显了儒家士人主体意识的增强和强烈的拯时淑世精神，也反映出崛起于书院的地方士人受到了当时儒学复兴这一时代新风气的影响。
[Abstract]:The object of this study is the relationship between education and literature in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, both education and literature were in a flourishing period. The formation of the knowledge structure of the literati and the improvement of literary attainment were the necessary precondition for their literary creative ability, and the importance of which was also an important influence on the prosperity and development of the Tang Dynasty. One pole.
In the first chapter, the socialization of educational resources and the expansion of the literati group in the Tang Dynasty. In the educational system, the Tang Dynasty had the two level official system of the central and local officials, as well as the legitimate and diversified private schools. At the same time, the Tang Dynasty had favorable political, economic and cultural conditions. The educational system and these factors contributed to the society of educational resources in the Tang Dynasty. The obvious manifestation is the increase of educational audience and the expansion of educational popularization, which is an important factor contributing to the expansion of literati groups in the Tang Dynasty.
The second chapter, the education thought and literati and literature of the Tang Dynasty. Zun sage and Confucianism is the basic educational thought of the Tang Dynasty. The idea was put forward in the early Tang Dynasty to strengthen the social responsibility of the scholars and the self - consciousness of Confucianism and Taoism, which aggravated their life contradictions and made their works full of tension. The educational thought of Confucianism has been desalinated intentionally, the demand of the bureaucratic system on talent makes the education and official career closely combined, the utility side of the educational thought is particularly prominent, which has a certain influence on the strengthening of the enterprising consciousness of the literati. The improvement of the social environment in the Tang Dynasty promoted the further development of education, but the number of talents trained in the education was more, the society could be more effective. There are relatively few talents to absorb, and most of the talents in education are the people of rites and music. The bureaucratic system needs more clerks and officials, and there is a contradiction between the educational thought and the educational results and the actual needs of the society. The ideal of life and the actual encounter of the scholars, because of these contradictions, show a complex state of mind in the literary creation. Tang Shiren in the middle and the evening. From the angle of the relation between the imperial examination and education, the education was rethought to some extent, which had enriched the educational thought of the Tang Dynasty to some extent, but the reform strategy proposed was difficult to be implemented, but the predicament of education in the middle and late Tang Dynasty was further clarified. The reflection of the revival of "teacher Dao" in the revival of the ancient trend of thought was the continuation of this reflection, and it tried to excavate education. Inheriting the independent value of Confucian orthodoxy, it desalinating the psychological identity of the Tang Dynasty to a certain extent. The fall of the inheritance of Confucianism and Taoism, as well as the desalination of the identity of the political power, made the intellectuals inactive and showed a wandering mentality in the literary works.
The third chapter, the influence of Confucian classics on literature in the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty has a complete system of Confucian classics education. In the period of the emperor of the Tang Dynasty and in the early period of Gao Zong, the compilation of the official classics of Confucian classics, the compilation of the five classics justice, made the classics simplified, the teaching material unify, and the request of the examination post of the imperial examination, making the sentence a memorizing object, and the Confucian classics incorporated into the literati as language and allusions materials. The knowledge reserve bank has entered their literary creation. In the period of the Tang Dynasty, the Confucian School of Confucian education emphasized "filial piety" and emphasized ethics, which was related to the formation of the literary style of this period. As well as the enhancement of the consciousness of the subject in the field of culture, the relationship between Chinese and Taoist poetry, which expresses the scholars' exploration in the field of social thought, is further closely related, and the poetry is made hard to innovate, and seldom has been attacked by the predecessors.
The fourth chapter, the development of literary education and literature in the Tang Dynasty. The rise of literary education in the Tang Dynasty has a unique cause of this period. The development of the form and skill of the literature of the Tang Dynasty, the impregnation of the style of the Tang Dynasty and the stimulation of the imperial examination as a scholar are important factors. The main contents of the literature education in the Tang Dynasty are the analogy books, the literary selections and the poems, etc. The specific activity of learning education is to inherit literature knowledge and creative experience from the contents of these literary education. It has a distinct rise from the language materials to the rules of sound and the path of the skill, which leads to a gradual improvement in the way of literature education and learning, from the accumulation of reading to the imitation of imitation to the understanding of experience. The course of the literature education in the Tang Dynasty has left a clearer impression on the creation of the Tang Dynasty, which is most obvious in the reference of the content, the acquisition of the subject matter, the absorption of the allusions and the use of the duality.
The fifth chapter, the children's education and children's poetry in the Tang Dynasty. There are many outstanding writers in the Tang Dynasty, which are closely related to the good education they have received from their childhood. This chapter explores the relationship between the Mongolian Books and the education of children and Mongolia in the Tang Dynasty from the investigation of the three Mongol books in the Tang Dynasty, the Mongolian book, the Tai Gong tutor and the rabbit garden. On the basis of the comparison between the two major areas in the mainland and Dunhuang, the educational content, the way of education and the three aspects of the educator are compared. On this basis, the author analyzes the exquisite and arbitrary conception of their respective poetry creation, the narrow and rich of the subject matter, the elegance and popularity of the language, and the expression of the hand. A variety of law and a single change.
The sixth chapter, female education and women's literary activities in the Tang Dynasty. The popularization of education in the Tang Dynasty made women a part of the educated group. This chapter explores the contents of the female education in the Tang Dynasty and the influence of different educational contents on the creation of women's poetry from the two existing female teaching in the Tang Dynasty. The unique way of breeding and the common effect of female red education make the female poetry appear the corresponding imitation and the feminine writing characteristics, and the most significant influence of the history education on women's creation is the great use of the Scriptures in the women's poetry, and the moral etiquette is the most important content of the women's education in the Tang Dynasty, which is manifested in the content of the moral law. In their poetry, the achievements of the women in the Tang Dynasty, in addition to their poetic creation, were two kinds of display ways that were closely related to the literature of the Tang Dynasty, as well as the prostitutes' singing and the Widow Mother's soliton.
The seventh chapter, the cultural role of the education of foreign students and the group of foreign students in the Tang Dynasty. The education of the Tang Dynasty has a clear and open character, and the most remarkable performance of the students in the Tang Dynasty is that the Tang Dynasty also formed a mature and complete management system for foreign students in the Tang Dynasty. The foreign students have also given a great deal of looseness in management. The students in the Tang Dynasty have many poetry contacts during the Tang Dynasty, which not only closely related the friendly relations between the Tang Dynasty and the neighboring countries, but also had a positive influence on the literary creation of both sides. The cultural role of the students of the foreign students is mainly manifested in the construction of the educational system and the Han Dynasty in the country. Literature develops in two fields.
The eighth chapter, the beginning of the academy and the middle and late Tang Dynasties and the revival of Confucianism. The name of "academy" first appeared in the years of Tang Gaozu's Wu De. From the three aspects of the collection, the apprenticeship and the place, the real Educational Academy originated from the mountain forest. The Tang and five generations of academies were founded mainly by the local people and the local families, reflecting the time of the Tang and Five Dynasties. In addition, the academies of the Tang and five dynasties also showed a close relationship with the trend of academic thought at that time. The spirit of the rejuvenation of the time also reflected the rise of the local scholars in the Academy, which was influenced by the new atmosphere of the revival of Confucianism at that time.

【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G529;I206.2;K242

【参考文献】