明代文昌信仰研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 02:15

本文选题：明代 + 文昌信仰　；参考：《西华师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：文昌帝君是掌管士人功名利禄的神yG。文昌信仰伴随着科举制度的发展在中国延续千年,对中国政治思想、文化教育和社会生活等方面都产生了重大而深刻的影响。明代是文昌信仰发展的关键时期,而学界系统论述明代文昌信仰的成果颇少,本文分以下三方面论述了明代文昌信仰。明代文昌帝君的神职已集中到执掌功名桂籍上,而其余神职,如掌管生育、庇护官员,或多或少均与其掌功名桂籍相关。而唐宋时期惩治内叛,抵御外敌之职,在明代已消失无踪。与之相适应,文昌帝君武将形象消失,文职官员形象则成为明代最为普遍的形象。同时文昌帝君有了自己的神灵体系,有了侍从天聋和地哑。随着文昌信仰的发展,文昌宫祠遍布全国,在经济发达的江南地区更是普遍。同时出现了与文昌帝君相关的民俗,如敬惜字纸、文昌洞经音乐。文昌帝君的地位在明代起伏较大。明初,文昌帝君的发展受到明王朝的支持。明英宗重修京师文昌庙。然弘治元年(1488),明孝宗却同意礼部尚书周洪谟等人贬抑文昌帝君的请求。明王朝对文昌信仰态度的转变,其原因有四:一是弘治初年,明廷财政困难,拆毁文昌祠可省无益之费;二是文昌信仰源流不清,本身存在缺陷;三是崇祀文昌帝君与儒家思想有抵牾;四是明孝宗为肃清社会风气,整顿祀典。明王朝对文昌帝君的贬抑,在执行过程中却因监督不力、政策的倡议者或逝世,或离职、士子对崇祀文昌帝君看法不一及文昌信仰深入人心等原因,明廷的一纸禁令已难以抑制文昌信仰的发展。宋时,文昌帝君偶尔有奉祀于学宫的现象。至明代,文昌宫祠普遍附祀于学宫。文昌宫祠普遍附祀学宫的原因有三:一是文昌信仰可弥补科举考试的缺陷;二是修筑文昌宫祠可振兴地方文风;三是士子普遍奉祀。对于文昌帝君附祀学宫,士人意见不一,有持反对意见者,认为文昌信仰源流不清,应撤出学宫。有持支持意见者,认为文昌信仰“在有功于儒教”。
[Abstract]:The emperor of Wenchang was the god YGG, who was in charge of the scholar's fame and fortune. With the development of the imperial examination system, Wenchang faith has exerted a great and profound influence on Chinese political thought, culture and education, social life and so on. The Ming Dynasty is the key period of the development of Wenchang's belief, but the academic circles' systematic discussion on the Ming Dynasty's Wenchang belief is very few. This paper discusses the Ming Dynasty's Wenchang belief in the following three aspects. In the Ming Dynasty, the monarch of Wenchang had concentrated his clerical duties on the title of Gui nationality, while the rest, such as those in charge of fertility and asylum officials, were more or less related to his name. The duty of punishing internal rebellion and resisting foreign enemies in the Tang and Song dynasties had disappeared in the Ming Dynasty. Accordingly, the image of Emperor Wenchang disappeared and the image of civilian official became the most popular image in Ming Dynasty. At the same time, Emperor Wenchang had his own system of deities, deafness and mute. With the development of Wenchang belief, the temple of Wenchang Palace spread all over the country, especially in the economically developed area of Jiangnan. At the same time, there are folk customs related to Emperor Wenchang, such as worshiping paper, Wenchang cave music. Wenchang emperor's position in the Ming Dynasty was quite ups and downs. In the early Ming Dynasty, the development of Emperor Wenchang was supported by the Ming Dynasty. Ming Yingzong rebuilt the Wenchang Temple, a capital teacher. Ran Hongzhi the first year of 1488U, filial piety but agreed to the Ministry of Rites Book Zhou Hongmo and other people derogatory to the request of Emperor Wenchang. There are four reasons for the change of the attitude of the Ming Dynasty to the belief of Wenchang: first, in the early years of Hongzhi, when the Ming government was in financial difficulties, the demolition of the temple of Wenchang could save no profit in fees, the second was that the origin of the belief in Wenchang was not clear, and there were defects in itself. Third, worship Wenchang emperor and Confucian thought conflict; fourth, the Ming Dynasty to clean up the social atmosphere, rectifying ritual worship. The Ming Dynasty's derogatory attitude toward the emperor of Wenchang was due to the lack of supervision, the death of the policy proponent, or the departure of the emperor. The scholars held different views on the worship of Emperor Wenchang and the belief in Wenchang was deeply rooted in the people's mind. A ban by the Ming government has been difficult to curb the development of the faith of Wenchang. In Song Dynasty, Emperor Wenchang once in a while offered sacrifices to the Xuegong. To the Ming Dynasty, Wenchang Palace Temple generally attached to the palace. There are three reasons why Wenchang Palace Temple is generally attached to the School Palace: first, the belief in Wenchang can make up for the defects of the imperial examination; second, the construction of the Temple of Wenchang Palace can revitalize the local literary style; and third, the scholars generally worship. For Wenchang emperor monarch attached to the school palace, scholars have different opinions, there are dissenting opinions, that Wenchang faith is not clear, should withdraw from the palace. Some people who support the belief that Wenchang "in the meritorious Confucian religion."
【学位授予单位】：西华师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248

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