无远弗届与生番地界——清代台湾外国漂流民的政府救助与外洋国土理念的转变

发布时间：2018-05-21 10:07

  本文选题：台湾岛 + 外国漂流民　； 参考：《海交史研究》2017年02期

【摘要】：作为东亚最大的国家,清政府在朝贡时代,对海上遭风船舶和漂流民的救援,与其宗主国的地位非常相称。最彻底的救助对象,是肩负着政治使命的贡船和船员,以及护送中国遭风漂流民回国途中再次遭风漂流的外国船只,救助数量最多的是海上往来频繁的商船和船员。由亚洲大陆与西北太平洋第一岛链围成的海域,即黄海、东海和南海所在的区域,相当于亚洲的地中海。大国与小国,虽然从表面上看,地位并不平等,但本质上并没有形成大国殖民小国的关系,因此,相距遥远的岛国吕宋,才会想方设法要加入这一朝贡体系。西方殖民者的出现,使得东亚传统的地缘政治关系和海上国际救助体系,被彻底打破。尤其是英国入侵后,原本是大清国通过海上救助"宣示圣恩,俾该国之人咸知我皇上怀柔怙冒之至意"的区域,转眼间变成了各国相互厮杀的战场。原本被列为"化外之民"的台湾原住民,因他们生存的"化外之地",有别于清政府建章立制的"教化之区",而成了西方列强急于趁机掠取的"无主空间"。清政府被迫改变现状,"开山抚番",以保住外洋岛屿。然而,清政府的这一举措,固然顺应了国际地缘政治关系的转变,却没法改变自己日趋衰落的国势。最终台湾还是在大清国的手里,被东亚新霸主日本吞并。台湾外国漂流民的政府救助制度的变化,如一面镜子,清楚地反映了有清一代东亚海域国际地缘政治的风云变化。
[Abstract]:As the largest country in East Asia, the Qing government in the tributary era, the rescue of ships and drifting people at sea, is very appropriate to its position as the sovereign state. The most radical targets are tributary ships and crew members on political missions and foreign ships escorting China's wind-drifted people on their way home, with the largest number of merchant ships and crew members traveling frequently at sea. The sea area bounded by the first island chain between the Asian continent and the Northwest Pacific Ocean, the Huang Hai, the East China Sea and the South China Sea, is equivalent to the Mediterranean Sea in Asia. Although the status of great and small countries is not equal on the surface, it does not form the relationship between big and small countries. Therefore, Luzon, a distant island country, will try its best to join the tributary system. The appearance of Western colonists completely broke the traditional geopolitical relations and the system of international aid at sea in East Asia. In particular, after the British invasion, it was originally the area where the Qing Dynasty "proclaimed the sacrament through sea aid, so that the people of this country could know that my Majesty's Safeguarding was the most willing", and suddenly turned into a battlefield in which nations fought against each other. The aborigines of Taiwan, who were originally classified as "the people of the world," are different from the "civilized areas" established by the Qing government because of their "land of transformation", and have become "empty spaces" for the Western powers eager to take advantage of the opportunity. The Qing government was forced to change the status quo and to preserve the foreign islands. However, the Qing government's action, although conforming to the change of international geopolitical relations, could not change its declining state. In the end, Taiwan was in the hands of the Qing Dynasty and annexed by the new East Asian hegemon, Japan. The changes in the government aid system of Taiwan's foreign drifters, such as a mirror, clearly reflected the changes in the international geopolitics of the East Asian Sea during the Qing Dynasty.
【作者单位】： 厦门大学人文学院历史系;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目:《明清时期西北太平洋热带气旋与东南沿海基层社会应对机制研究》(10BZS059);国家社科基金重大项目:《清代海疆政策与开发研究》(13ZD&093)的阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：K249
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本文编号：1918768