宋代以来江南地区竹的生态史研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 20:45

本文选题：江南 + 竹　；参考：《复旦大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：人与自然的互动关系是环境变迁研究的重要部分。本文试图以人与竹的关系.为切入点,来讨论生态社会问题。通过对历史时期古人对竹子的感受和态度,科学性的观察以及栽培利用等方面讨论人与竹、人与自然之间的关系。论文第一部分是导言,主体部分分为四章。第一章讨论了早期江南的竹林景观。历史时期的景观变貌是一个不断发展的过程,现代江南的情况是由以往的情况发展演变而来,通过对现在的情况的分析,理解早期文献中对景观情况的描述。农业开发与地理环境变迁是影响景观变迁的重要方面,宋代以前江南地区的发展主要集中在低山丘陵,而经过农业技术和水利技术的变化,人们离开高地走向低地,并不断地利用水面,从而促进了竹类在平原水网地区的分布和发展。并对古人对竹的分类认知方式作分析,认为古人对竹的分类有实用性的方面,也有文化分类。第二章对不同空间、不同微地貌条件下的水竹景观进行分析。由于文人与竹之密不可分的关系,使得文人成为竹林景观最主要的塑造者。不仅体现在园林中,也体现在诗文中。从文人园林的建造等方面入手,讨论与竹相关的生态景观如何被塑造。宋代湖州水竹园林是本章讨论的中心,进而理解当时的生态环境与社会。文人面对不同空间的环境,经过人工经营和管理,塑造出经典的江南水竹园林景观。第三章对江南地区竹类种植与生态进行研究。论文先梳理了古人对鞭根的形态和习性的认识,发现古人认识到竹鞭的特性主要在于延伸性和向肥性,并利用这种性质,通过连鞭移栽母竹的形式大量栽植竹林,从而改变了乡村的面貌。在讨论母竹移栽法和平原、山地种植技术之后,考察古人对竹类植物开花结实现象的认识和应对措施,从而揭示出古人针对这种情况所形成的施肥技术。第四章首先讨论了明清江南地区主要竹种以及竹笋的生产情况,进一步分析乡土竹种分布与水土环境之间的关系、笋期与民众生活民俗之间的关系。以毛竹笋为主的山笋和以哺鸡竹为主的平原笋成为江南地区最普遍分布的笋品。总之,本文通过对宋代以来江南地区以人—竹关系为中心进行的生态研究,揭示了不同人群在江南地区生态基底上塑造生态景观的不同选择和活动,总结了以竹类资源为中心的对自然的认识和管理能力,对于今天我们处理与生态环境的关系有借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The interaction between man and nature is an important part of the study of environmental change. This paper attempts to use the relationship between man and bamboo. For the breakthrough point, to discuss the ecological and social problems. The relationship between man and bamboo and between man and nature is discussed by means of the feeling and attitude of the ancients to bamboo, scientific observation and cultivation and utilization of bamboo in the historical period. The first part of the paper is the introduction, the main part is divided into four chapters. The first chapter discusses the bamboo landscape in the south of the Yangtze River. Landscape change in the historical period is a process of continuous development, and the situation in the south of the Yangtze River has evolved from the past. Through the analysis of the present situation, the description of landscape situation in the early literature is understood. Before the Song Dynasty, the development of Jiangnan area mainly concentrated on the low mountains and hills, but after the change of agricultural technology and water conservancy technology, people left the high land to go to the lowland. The distribution and development of bamboo in plain water network area is promoted by using water surface continuously. The paper also analyzes the classification cognitive style of ancient bamboo, and thinks that the ancients have practical and cultural classification to bamboo classification. The second chapter analyzes the landscape of bamboo in different space and microgeomorphology. Because of the inseparable relationship between the literati and bamboo, the literati become the most important sculptor of bamboo landscape. Not only in the garden, but also in poetry. Starting with the construction of literati gardens, this paper discusses how the ecological landscape related to bamboo is molded. Huzhou Water and Bamboo Garden in Song Dynasty is the center of this chapter, and then understand the ecological environment and society at that time. The literati face different space environment, through artificial management and management, create the classic landscape of Jiangnan water bamboo garden. The third chapter studies bamboo planting and ecology in the south of the Yangtze River. The paper first combs the ancients' understanding of the form and habit of the whip root and finds that the ancients realized that the characteristics of the bamboo whip mainly lie in its extensibility and fatness, and use this property to plant a large number of bamboo forests by transplanting the mother bamboo with the continuous whip. Thus changing the face of the countryside. After discussing the transplanting method of mother bamboo and planting technique in plain and mountain area, the understanding and countermeasures of flowering and fruiting phenomenon of bamboo plant in ancients were investigated, thus revealing the fertilization techniques formed by the ancients in view of this situation. The fourth chapter discusses the main bamboo species and bamboo shoot production in the south of the Yangtze River in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and further analyzes the relationship between the distribution of native bamboo species and the soil and water environment, the relationship between the bamboo shoot period and the folk customs of people's life. Bamboo shoots mainly from Phyllostachys pubescens and plain bamboo shoots from feeding chicken are the most common bamboo shoots distributed in the south of the Yangtze River. In a word, through the ecological research on the human-bamboo relationship in the south of the Yangtze River since the Song Dynasty, this paper reveals the different choices and activities of different people in shaping the ecological landscape on the ecological base of the south of the Yangtze River. This paper summarizes the natural cognition and management ability centered on bamboo resources, which is useful for us to deal with the relationship between bamboo resources and ecological environment.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：S795-09;K244

【参考文献】