宋代县主薄研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 21:47

本文选题：宋代 + 县主簿　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：宋代县主簿是县级政府中的重要官职。早在东汉时,在县内就设有主簿一职。直到隋唐时期,形成了丞、簿、尉的县佐官制度,县主簿成为县佐官中重要的一员。此后,各朝均沿用此制,宋代也不例外。但宋代县主簿在前朝的基础上不断发展完善,并具有自己的特色。宋代县级政府官员的研究,大多集中在知县令、丞、尉的研究,对县主簿的研究甚少,而且不够全面,对主簿的职务犯罪还没有涉及。县主簿作为县佐官中重要的一员,在县内起着不可替代的作用,对县主簿进行综合、立体的研究,有着重要的意义。本文以宋代县主簿为研究对象,搜集相关史料,利用比较、归纳、数据统计的方法系统的研究他们的设置、选任、俸禄、职能、职务犯罪等方面的问题。其中,从出身的不同系统详细的分析了宋代县主簿的选任,从品级的设置分析了主簿在县内的地位,还重点陈述了县主簿职务犯罪的主要类别以及惩处情况。本文主要分为以下五个部分：一、宋代以前县主簿的概况及沿革。县主簿一职的起源,可以追溯到东汉年间。南北朝时官制较乱,直到隋唐时期,随着丞、簿、尉县佐官制度的形成,县主簿作为县佐官重要一员的地位才得以确立。二、宋代县主簿的设置。宋代县主簿的设置,主要是依据县内人口数的多少而定,在人口数少的县内,或不设主簿有其他官职兼任,或只设主簿兼领丞、尉等职。县主簿的设置在宋代不是一成不变的,随着县内人口数的变化、区域的合并而导致的事务增多或者是治安情况的变化,会有增设或是废省的调整。宋代县主簿作为地方基层官员品级设置不高,且随着宋代官制的改革也有所变动。主簿品级的设置也是其在一县官员中地位的体现,而且宋代主簿在县内的地位比较稳定,序位一直是在县丞之下,县尉之上。三、宋代县主簿的选任、俸禄。宋代选官重文轻武,重视出身,科举出身的人往往会得到重用。宋代赤、次赤、畿县的县主簿一般由选人担任,其余等级的县由初任者担任。其中,较高等级的县的主簿会由科举出身者担任,恩荫者能够出任中、中下县县主簿,摄官、进纳、流外人等无出身者,只能担任中、中下、下县等等级较低县的县主簿,且升迁等不如科举出身者快。宋代时,对县主簿的选拔已经在在年龄和身体条件等方面制定了相关规定,县主簿的选任制度逐渐趋向于完善。四、宋代县主簿的职掌。唐代县主簿的职掌主要是勾稽簿书,省署抄目,纠正非违。宋代时,县主簿的职掌有了很大的不同,不仅负责勾稽簿书,还负责征督赋税、出纳官物、参与县内的司法等职能。宋代县主簿的职能有两个特点,一是,县主簿在特殊情况下会兼任令、丞、尉职,并在兼任时,担负起他们的职责,如平决狱讼、狱讼推讯、抓捕盗贼等职责；二是,宋代县主簿常常会被监司、郡守以符檄委派差出,差出时的职能主要有催督赋税、行视水利工程、检视灾伤、处理积颂等。这是宋代社会经济的发展在职官制度上的一种体现,具有时代特色。五、宋代县主簿的职务犯罪。主要介绍了宋代县主簿的职务犯罪类型,以及中央政府对这些犯罪的处罚力度。其中以贪污犯罪最为常见,其次是玩忽职守罪,宋政府对这些犯罪的处罚,是相当的重。然而,在封建专制统治下,这并不能解决根本问题,县主簿的职务犯罪仍然屡禁不止。
[Abstract]:The main book in the Song Dynasty is an important official position in the county government . As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty , the chief book was set up in the county . Until the Sui and Tang dynasties , the county commander system of the cheng , the book and the lieutenant was formed , and the county master book became an important part of the district chief . After that , all the dynasties followed the system , and the Song Dynasty was not the exception . However , the main book of the Song Dynasty developed and improved on the basis of the previous dynasty , and had its own characteristics .

The study of county government officials in the Song Dynasty mostly focused on the study of magistrate , Cheng and Lieutenant . The study of the main book in the Song Dynasty was not involved . The main book in the Song Dynasty was used as the important part of the county , which was used to study their setting , selection , salary , function and job crime .

This paper is divided into five parts :

First , the general situation of the main book in the former county of Song Dynasty and the origin of the main book of the county can be traced back to the Eastern Han Dynasty .

The establishment of the main book in the Song Dynasty is mainly based on the number of the people in the county . In the county where the number of the population is small , or there is no other official function in the main book , or only the main book and the chief executive , the lieutenant and so on . The main book of the Song Dynasty is also changed according to the change of the number of people in the county . The setting of the main book grade is also the reflection of the status of the official in a county , and the position of the main book in the county is relatively stable , and the order is always under the county magistrate .

In Song Dynasty , the main book of the county is usually elected by the elected person . The main book of the county in the Song Dynasty can be served as the main book of the county , and the other rank is not as fast as that of imperial examination . In Song Dynasty , the selection of the main book in the county has been set up in terms of age and physical condition , and the selection system of the county master book has gradually tended to be perfect .

4 . The title of the main book in the Song Dynasty . The title of the main book in the Tang Dynasty mainly consisted of a book of books , a copy of the department and a correction of the non - violation . In the Song Dynasty , the title of the main book of the county had different functions .
The second is that the main book of Song Dynasty is often divided by the supervision department and the county guard , and the function of the time difference is mainly to urge the Governor to tax , to inspect the water conservancy project , to view the disaster , to deal with the eulogy , etc . This is a reflection of the development of the social economy in the Song Dynasty in the functional system . It has the characteristics of the times .

5 . The official crime of the main book in the Song Dynasty mainly introduces the type of the official crime of the main book in the Song Dynasty and the punishment of the central government for these crimes . Among them , it is the most common crime of corruption crime , followed by neglect of duty and the punishment of the Song government to these crimes . However , under the rule of feudalism , it is not possible to solve the fundamental problem , and the official crime of the county ' s main book is still forbidden .
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D691;K244

【参考文献】