明清闽浙赣毗邻地区的山区开发与流民控制

发布时间：2018-06-02 07:54

本文选题：山区开发 + 流民控制　；参考：《江西社会科学》2017年09期

【摘要】：明清时期,流民是山区开发伴生的社会问题之一。在闽浙赣毗邻山区,为防范流民滋事,明清两代长期奉行封禁政策。然而,在不同的历史时期,山区开发的形式不同,流民各具特点,封禁实践亦相距甚远。明前期,从事坑冶的矿徒极具流动性和危险性,封禁执行严格。明中后期,从事造纸的槽工流动性相对较弱,官府允许其在封禁外缘地区进行毛竹种植和纸张生产等活动,封禁政策出现了松动。清雍正以后,从事土地开垦和农业种植的棚民,与山外的农民无实质差异,官府默认其开垦禁山,封禁饬令如一纸具文。这表明,明清两代应对流民问题的侧重点并不相同,明代为防范叛乱而严禁人口流动;清朝害怕"天下有事",但施政时颇注意贫民生计,以致封禁徒有虚名。
[Abstract]:During the Ming and Qing dynasties, displaced people were one of the social problems associated with mountain development. In the mountain areas adjacent to Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi, the Ming and Qing dynasties pursued a long-term ban policy in order to prevent displaced people from causing trouble. However, in different historical periods, the form of mountain development is different, the displaced people have their own characteristics, and the practice of blocking is far away. In the early Ming Dynasty, the miners engaged in pit metallurgy were highly mobile and dangerous, and the ban was strictly enforced. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the fluidity of paper workers was relatively weak, and the government allowed them to plant bamboo and produce paper in the outer border area, so the ban policy was loosened. After Yongzheng Qing Dynasty, land reclamation and agricultural cultivation of the shed people, and the farmers outside the mountain no material difference, the government acquiesced in its reclamation ban, ban order such as a piece of paper. This shows that the focus of the Ming and Qing dynasties on the problem of displaced persons is not the same. In order to prevent insurrection, the Ming Dynasty banned the movement of people; the Qing Dynasty was afraid of "nothing in the world", but paid considerable attention to the livelihood of the poor in its administration, so that the prohibition was in vain.
【作者单位】：重庆大学人文社会科学高等研究院;
【基金】：重庆市社会科学规划项目“清代内地的封禁问题研究”(2016BS066)
【分类号】：K248

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