明清时期黔东北地区农业发展初探

发布时间：2018-06-10 09:34

本文选题：明清时期 + 黔东北地区　；参考：《贵州师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：黔东北地区是武陵山区少数民族聚集区的核心部分,明清时期是该区农业发展的重要里程碑。人口的增长、水利工程的建设、农业工具的进步、土地利用的深入、新作物的引进以及农业商品化的发展使得该区农耕文明得到了高速发展。本文从明清时期该区域农业发展为线索进行探讨,着力于勾画出明清该区域农业发展的本来面貌,并分析其发展原因以及制约其发展的因素。不仅为武陵山区少数民族区域开发史提供一些案例,也为现今该区域扶贫攻坚以及西部大开发中经济社会的发展提供一些借鉴。笔者在查阅大量相关方志、文献材料的基础上运用历史比较法、逻辑分析法、图表应用等方法对明清黔东北地区进行了系统性的研究分析。本文分五章四个部分,第一部分为导论,主要论述了选题缘由、课题意义、当前有关黔东北地区农业研究现状以及论文主要的研究方法等。第二部分论文为第一章,主要梳理了黔东北地区农业开发条件。包括:该区的自然地理条件、该区行政区划沿革以及明代以前该区农业经济生产状况等内容。第三部分是本文的第二、三、四章,这是本文论述的中心。第二章重点介绍了明清时期本区人口状况以及土地垦殖情况;第三章从水利工程的兴修、农业工具的发展、该区人民对“农事”和“农时”的安排以及农业技术的进步等几个方面论述了明清黔东北地区的农业发展情况;第四章从该区农业种植物方面进行论述。这一时期人口的数量由于受到天灾、战乱、移民等方面的影响经历了比较大的波动,但从整体上来看从明到清该区人口数量呈波动上升的趋势,为农业生产提供了充足的劳动力资源。该区少数民族受汉族移民影响逐渐“内地化”,开始应用内地农耕方式进行农业生产,使得大量荒地得到了垦殖。水利工程的兴修、农具的发展、农业技术的进步为明清农业大发展奠定了坚实的基础和条件。本区农作物种植以稻、麦等传统作物为主,明清时期原产美洲的农作物新品种的引进改善了当地人们的饮食结构,使得该区农作物种植呈现多元化的趋势。第四部分为论文第五章以及结语部分,为该论文的总结部分。第五章挖掘了明清时期黔东北地区农业开发的主要成就和影响。在明清黔东北农业经济大发展的同时也来了一系列环境问题。结语部分试图总结制约明清黔东北农业经济发展的一些主要因素,旨在为促进当今铜仁地区农业经济可持续性发展提供一些参考和建议。
[Abstract]:Northeast Guizhou is the core part of Wuling Mountain area, and the period of Ming and Qing dynasties is an important milestone in the agricultural development of this region. The growth of population, the construction of water conservancy projects, the progress of agricultural tools, the deepening of land use, the introduction of new crops and the development of agricultural commercialization have made the agricultural civilization in this area develop at a high speed. This paper probes into the development of agriculture in this region in Ming and Qing dynasties, tries to draw the original appearance of agricultural development in this region in Ming and Qing dynasties, and analyzes the reasons for its development and the factors restricting its development. It not only provides some cases for the history of regional development of minority nationalities in Wuling Mountain area, but also provides some reference for the economic and social development of the region and the development of economic society in the western development. On the basis of consulting a large number of local records and literature materials, the author made a systematic research and analysis on the northeast of Guizhou in Ming and Qing dynasties by using the methods of historical comparison, logical analysis and chart application. This paper is divided into five chapters and four parts, the first part is the introduction, mainly discusses the reason of the topic, the significance of the topic, the current situation of agricultural research in Northeast Guizhou and the main research methods of the paper. The second part of the paper is the first chapter, mainly combing the conditions of agricultural development in Northeast Guizhou. It includes the natural geographical conditions of the area, the evolution of the administrative division and the agricultural economic production in the area before the Ming Dynasty. The third part is the second, third and fourth chapters of this paper, which is the center of this paper. The second chapter focuses on the population situation and land reclamation in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the third chapter focuses on the construction of water conservancy projects, the development of agricultural tools, The development of agriculture in the northeast of Guizhou in Ming and Qing dynasties was discussed from the arrangement of "agricultural affairs" and "agricultural time" and the progress of agricultural technology, and the fourth chapter discussed the agricultural species and plants in this area. During this period, the number of the population experienced relatively large fluctuations due to natural disasters, war turmoil, immigration and so on. But overall, the population of the area from the Ming to the Qing dynasties showed an upward trend. It provides sufficient labor resources for agricultural production. Under the influence of Han nationality immigrants, the minorities in this area began to use the inland farming method for agricultural production, which resulted in a large number of wasteland reclamation and colonization. The construction of water conservancy project, the development of agricultural tools and agricultural technology laid a solid foundation and condition for the great development of agriculture in Ming and Qing dynasties. Traditional crops such as rice and wheat were mainly planted in this area. The introduction of new varieties of crops originating from America in Ming and Qing dynasties improved the dietary structure of local people and made the planting of crops in this area present a trend of diversification. The fourth part is the fifth chapter and the conclusion part, which is the summary part of this paper. Chapter five excavates the main achievement and influence of agricultural development in northeast Guizhou during Ming and Qing dynasties. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, northeast Guizhou agricultural economy developed a series of environmental problems at the same time. The conclusion part attempts to summarize some main factors restricting the development of agricultural economy in Northeast Guizhou in Ming and Qing dynasties, aiming at providing some references and suggestions for promoting the sustainable development of agricultural economy in Tongren region.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248

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