金代礼部研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 01:50

  本文选题：金代 + 礼部　； 参考：《吉林大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：金代礼部主要参照辽、宋礼部而设置,是中国政治制度史的重要一环。自金熙宗、海陵王改革官制后,金朝确立了省、部制的中央官制。中枢机构下分设六部,其中,礼部为掌管全国礼仪的机构,是金朝中央官制的重要组成部分。本文绪论主要论述了文章的选题意义,并就学界前贤对此问题的研究成果进行了归纳总结,最后阐述了本文研究思路及文章主要内容、创新点等内容。正文共分作五章,分别从金代礼部的渊源、机构、职掌、职官等几个方面进行论述。第一章金代礼部的制度渊源。本章主要从制度史的角度阐述金代礼部的制度渊源。隋唐时期,三省六部制正式确立,礼部正式形成。宋代,随着尚书省地位的下降,礼部的职掌被削弱,有名无实。元丰改制后,其作用有所恢复,但很快被再度削弱。南宋时期,由于战事繁多,为简化政务流程,“始合三省为一”。礼部的职掌进一步弱化。辽代,尚书省设员与唐制相同,但为空头机构,其官衔职称仅仅为加官散职,是荣誉性职务。金太宗天会七年(1129),金代中央礼部正式建立。第二章金代礼部机构与职官构成。本章主要梳理了金代礼部的建立过程,并论述了金代礼部的机构、职官情况。金朝在占领中原地区后,一方面基于维护“汉地”统治、加强中央集权的需要,另一方面受到中原文化的影响,开始设置礼部。金熙宗官制改革后,礼部成为金朝中央机构的重要部门。金朝礼部机构与中原王朝类似,本衙分礼部司、祠部、膳部、主客四司,另有惠民司、架阁库作为下属机构。第三章金代礼部的职掌。金代礼部职掌主要可分作六部分,一为执掌礼仪,主要负责国家礼仪的制定及执行,并对礼仪实施情形进行批驳;二为管理外交事务,主要负责交聘礼仪的制定及接伴、馆伴使节的拣选;三为管理宗教事务,主要可分为两个方面,一是管理僧道,一是管理寺院、道观;四为管理学校和科举事务,一是负责管理中央官学中太学生的更替与递补,以及管理地方官学基本的硬件设施,一是负责科举程序的确立及主持科举考试;五为临时差遣,礼部官员担任最多的临时差遣是以交聘使节的身份出使南宋、西夏、高丽等;六为掌管符印,主要负责符印的设计,并和少府监一起负责符印的铸造。海陵王正隆初年后,礼部只负责符印的设计,铸造工作交由少府监承担。第四章金代礼部官员的选拔与迁转。金朝礼部长贰官在海陵朝以前主要以辽宋降官为主,赐第出身为辅,进士出身所占比例较小。而从章宗朝至哀宗朝,进士出身者则占据礼部尚书入仕途径的绝大多数。造成这一情况的主要原因是,金初属于“借才异代”时期,大量任用辽、宋旧官进行政治制度建设。礼部官员执掌朝廷礼仪制度,对其文化素质要求较高,这只能从辽、宋旧官中选拔礼部高级官员。自熙宗朝开始,科举制度逐渐走向正轨,金政权摆脱了“借才异代”的局面,开始培养本朝人才。至于金朝礼部官员的迁任,金朝前期礼部长贰官的选拔标准相对宽泛,金朝中后期礼部长贰官则从礼部或与礼部相关的部门官员中选拔,礼部官员的选拔已经开始走向制度化。而礼部官员的升迁,金朝前期礼部长贰官多迁为地方官员,而中后期多转为中央官员,说明礼部官员越来越得到金朝统治者的重视。第五章金代礼部职官特点。本章了分析礼部长贰官籍贯及民族构成的特点。一是金代礼部长贰官籍贯构成以燕云地区为主,此为金朝礼部长贰官籍贯分布的最大特点。二是金代礼部长贰官的民族成分以汉族为主,前期主要为辽、宋文士,中后期则以金朝自身人才为主,尤其是后期礼部长贰官中女真人有所增加。结语部分,通过前文的分析,对金代礼部从总体上进行分析和认识:首先,金代礼部的建立并非一蹴而就,其设立过程与金朝的政治改革密切相关,亦是金朝不断“汉化”的一种体现。其次,金朝礼部是在辽、宋旧制的基础上建立起来的,其职能亦多与前朝相同。礼部建立是金朝“汉化”的重要标志。最后,金朝礼部职官群体在入仕途径、仕履、籍贯、民族构成等方面表现出一定的特色。
[Abstract]:The Jin Dynasty rites mainly referred to the Liao Dynasty and the song ceremony department, which was an important part of the history of the Chinese political system. After the reform of the official system of the king of the king of Hailing, the Jin Dynasty established the central bureaucracy of the province and the Ministry. Six parts were set up under the central institution. Among them, the etiquette was an important part of the central official system in the Jin Dynasty. This article discusses the significance of the article, and summarizes the research achievements of the previous scholars on this issue, and finally expounds the research ideas and main contents of this article, and the content of innovation. The text is divided into five chapters, respectively, from the origin of the Jin Dynasty, the organization, the job, the official and so on. The first chapter of the Jin Dynasty rites. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the six parts of the three provinces were formally established and the rites were formally formed. In the Song Dynasty, with the decline in the status of the Shang Shu Province, the duties of the rites were weakened, and the function of the Yuan Feng was reformed, but it was quickly weakened again. In the Southern Song Dynasty, because of the Southern Song Dynasty In order to simplify the process of government affairs, in order to simplify the process of government affairs, the official duties of the ritual department were further weakened. The Liao Dynasty was the same as the Tang system, but the title of the official title was only for the official position. The official title of the official rank was seven years (1129), the Jin Dynasty was formally established. The second chapter of the Jin Dynasty ritual institutions and official officials This chapter mainly combed the establishment process of the Jin Dynasty rites, and discussed the organization of the Jin Dynasty and the situation of the official official. After the Jin Dynasty occupied the Central Plains area, on the one hand, it was based on the maintenance of the rule of "Han Dynasty" and the need to strengthen central centralization. On the other hand, it was influenced by the culture of the Central Plains and began to set up the rites. After the reform of Jin Hezi's official system, the rites became the Ministry. Jin Dynasty Central Agency important department. The Jin Dynasty etiquette organization similar to the Central Plains Dynasty, the Yamen division, the temple department, the food department, the main and the guest four divisions, and the Huimin department, the shelf library as the subordinate agency. The third chapter of the Jin Dynasty etiquette department is mainly divided into six parts, one is to hold the etiquette, mainly responsible for the formulation and implementation of the national etiquette. And refute the implementation of the etiquette; second, the management of diplomatic affairs, mainly responsible for the establishment and connection of the etiquette, the selection of the embassy with the envoy; three for the management of religious affairs, it can be divided into two aspects, one is the management of monks, the other is the management of monasteries and Taoism, four is the management and imperial examinations, and the first is to manage the Tai Xue in central official school. The replacement and replacement of the students, as well as the basic hardware facilities for the management of the local officials, were responsible for the establishment of the imperial examination procedure and the examination of the imperial examination; five for the temporary dispatch, the most temporary assignment for the officials of the rites was to make the Southern Song, Xixia, Korea and so on as a diplomatic envoy; and six, the design of the official seal, and the minor government. After the first year of the king of Hailing, the first year of the king of Hailing, the ritual department was only responsible for the design of the symbol printing, and the casting was undertaken by the young government. The fourth chapters of the Jin Dynasty were selected and moved by the officials of the Jin Dynasty. The main reason for this situation was that the early Jin Dynasty belonged to the period of "borrowing only in different dynasties", a large number of appointing Liao, the old officials of the Song Dynasty carried out the political system construction. The officials held the imperial court etiquette system and had higher cultural quality, which could only be from the Liao, song and the old officials. From the beginning of the hee Zong Dynasty, the imperial examination system gradually went on the right track. The gold regime broke out of the situation of "borrowing only to be different generation", and began to cultivate the talent of the dynasty. As for the relocation of the official of the Jin Dynasty, the selection standard of the chief ritual Minister of the early Jin Dynasty was relatively wide, and the later Jin Zhaozhong official, the former chief of rites, was related to the ritual or the rites. In the selection of Department officials, the selection of the official of the Rites has begun to be institutionalized. And the promotion of the official of the rites, the official of the rites of the early Jin Dynasty moved to the local officials, and in the middle and late period, the officials were transferred to the central officials, which showed that the officials of the rites were getting more and more attention of the rulers of the Jin Dynasty. The characteristics of the fifth chapters of the Jin Dynasty. The main characteristics of the official native place and the ethnic composition are that the native place of the Minister of rites of the Jin Dynasty is dominated by the Yan Yun area, and this is the largest characteristic of the native place of the Minister of Jin Dynasty. Two, the ethnic composition of the Minister of the Jin Dynasty is mainly the Han nationality, and the former is mainly Liao, Song Wen Shi, and in the middle and late period of the Jin Dynasty, it is mainly the Jin Dynasty's own talents, especially the later etiquette. In the concluding part, through the analysis of the previous article, the general analysis and understanding of the Jin Dynasty rites are made as a whole. First, the establishment of the Jin Dynasty is not an overnight establishment. The establishment process is closely related to the political reform of the Jin Dynasty, and it is also a manifestation of the "Han Dynasty" in the Jin Dynasty. Secondly, the Jin Dynasty rites were in Liao, song and the old. On the basis of the system, its functions are the same as that of the former. The establishment of the rites is an important symbol of the "Sinicization" of the Jin Dynasty. Finally, the group of official officials of the Jin Dynasty showed certain characteristics in the ways of entering the official position, the official performance, the native place and the national constitution.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K246.4
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本文编号：2007719