清代入藏交通与西藏军事安全

发布时间：2018-06-19 21:40

本文选题：清代 + 西藏　；参考：《郑州大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：“西藏”作为地域范围的地理名称是从清代开始的,所指范围与今天西藏自治区相仿。清代西藏地处西南边疆,与清代的新疆、西宁大臣辖地、四川、云南相接,是青川滇的安全屏障；佛教植根于西藏本土后,逐渐形成以西藏为中心波及整个蒙古的宗教信仰格局,因此西藏对清代国家安全和边疆稳定具有特别意义。清代西藏是多种力量交汇之区,在其周围分布着众多势力,这些势力和西藏内部部分实力派系为了控制西藏,不断制造安全危机,在清代,西藏大的安全危机发生过七次,每次危机都伴随着一次甚至多次军事行动。西藏位于青藏高原西南腹地,海拔高,地形复杂,入藏交通线路的选择对军事行动的胜利至关重要。清代入藏交通可分为两大系统,即内地入藏交通系统和域外入藏交通系统,前者主要包括青、川、滇及新疆入藏路线,后者包括藏西北、藏南、藏东南的拉达克、廓尔喀、哲孟雄、布鲁克巴、阿萨姆地区入藏路线。这些入藏路线对清代西藏安全都产生过影响,每次安全危机中的各种军事行动都是通过这些入藏路线实现。通过对清代西藏安全中的各次入藏军事行动路线进行比较研究,能够找到一些西藏安全与交通之间的规律性关系。在清代涉及西藏安全的历次军事行动中,途径川藏交通线和藏南入藏交通线的军事行动次数最多,对西藏安全影响最大。究其原因,清代川藏交通较内地入藏交通线系统中的其他方向入藏交通线具有入藏线路多、沿途经济人口条件较好的优点,所以是历次入藏军事行动的首选路线；藏南入藏交通线较域外入藏交通线系统中其他方向交通线具有两个优点：一是这里河流向源侧蚀较为深入,有的达到喜马拉雅山北麓,道路相对平坦；另一方面这里与西藏政治中心扎什伦布和拉萨距离最近。因此说川藏交通线和藏南入藏交通线对清代西藏的安全最为重要。
[Abstract]:The geographical name of "Tibet" as a geographical area began in the Qing Dynasty and refers to the same scope as the Tibet Autonomous region today. Tibet was located on the southwest frontier of the Qing Dynasty, which was connected with Xinjiang, Xining, Sichuan and Yunnan. It was a security barrier for Qingchuan and Yunnan. Buddhism was rooted in Tibet. The religious belief pattern with Tibet as the center and Mongolia as the whole is gradually formed, so Tibet is of special significance to the national security and the stability of the border area in the Qing Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, Tibet was a region where many kinds of forces converged, and many forces were distributed around it. These forces and some powerful factions inside Tibet created a security crisis in order to control Tibet. In the Qing Dynasty, there were seven major security crises in Tibet. Each crisis was accompanied by one or more military operations. Tibet is located in the southwest hinterland of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau with high altitude and complicated terrain. The choice of transportation route is very important to the victory of military action. In the Qing Dynasty, there were two major systems, namely, the traffic system from the interior to Tibet and the traffic system from the outside. The former mainly included the routes of Qingqing, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xinjiang to Tibet, while the latter included the Ladak and Gurkha of northwest Tibet, southern Tibet and southeast Tibet. Zhe Mengxiong, Bromba, Assam route into Tibet. These routes had an impact on the security of Tibet in Qing Dynasty, and all kinds of military actions in each security crisis were realized through these routes. Through a comparative study of the routes of military operations in Tibet during the Qing Dynasty, we can find out some regular relations between Tibet security and traffic. Among all the military operations involved in Tibet security in the Qing Dynasty, the number of military operations through the Sichuan-Tibet communication line and the southern Tibet entry line was the most frequent, with the greatest impact on Tibet's security. The reason is that the Sichuan-Tibet traffic in the Qing Dynasty has the advantages of more lines and better economic and demographic conditions than other directions in the inland traffic system, so it is the preferred route for previous military operations. There are two advantages of the communication line in the south of Tibet: one is that the river erodes more deeply towards the source, some of which reach the northern foot of the Himalayas, and the road is relatively flat; On the other hand, it is closest to Zashlenb and Lhasa, the political centers of Tibet. Therefore, it is most important for the security of Tibet in Qing Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K249

【引证文献】