元代“富民”阶层初探

发布时间：2018-07-09 14:23

本文选题：元代 + 江南　；参考：《云南大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：有元一朝“富民”多为前朝存留下来的“汉人”、“南人”,他们拥有着雄厚的经济实力,并且凭借经济方面的优势,在乡村社会中扮演着中间层、稳定层和动力层角色,同时“富民”们想方设法将经济上的实力渗透到其他领域。其目的,首先,保护其私有财产；其次,保护或开拓其财产的占有渠道；再次,便是获得在经济、政治、社会和文化等领域的满足和认可,使得各方面均能达到和他们经济地位相匹配的层次。而凭武力囊括四海的元代政权建立者和守成者在依赖“富民”阶层的同时,又通过四等人制度维系着蒙古血统的高贵,并企图对经济领域中崛起的“富民”驯若羔羊,这是行不通的。元代的“富民”便是在这种大背景下存在：他们遭遇了“四等人制度”,但仍一如既往地在民间基础设施建设和基层社会保障中担任重要角色,尤其元代政府对地方官吏“五事”的考核上,“富民”更是起到了不可或缺的作用。由于元代统治阶层财政方面支出无度、挥霍成习,加上有元一朝灾害频仍,其财政往往处于紧张状态,为缓解其压力,统治阶层便以“入粟拜官”等手段向民间集资,而这种一发而不可收的政策,成为元代严重阻塞的科举入仕之外的另一条入宦之道。转“学而优则仕”为“富而优则仕”,给更多“富民”提供了入仕的捷径,在一定程度上满足了“富民”阶层长久以来对其政治地位的渴求。
[Abstract]:In the Yuan Dynasty, "rich people" were mostly "Han" and "southern" people who had survived from the previous dynasties. They had strong economic strength and, depending on their economic advantages, played the roles of middle, stable and dynamic layers in rural society. At the same time, "rich people" find ways to infiltrate economic power into other areas. Its purpose is, first, to protect its private property; secondly, to protect or open up channels of possession of its property; and, thirdly, to obtain satisfaction and recognition in the economic, political, social and cultural fields, So that all aspects can be reached with their economic status to match the level. While relying on the "rich people" class, the founding and adherents of the Yuan Dynasty regime by force maintained the nobility of Mongolian ancestry, and attempted to train the rising "rich people" in the economic field as lambs. This is not going to work. The "rich people" of the Yuan Dynasty existed against this background: they encountered the "fourth-class system", but as always played an important role in the construction of civil infrastructure and social security at the grass-roots level. Especially in Yuan Dynasty, the "five things" assessment of local officials, "rich people" has played an indispensable role. Because of the excessive expenditure and profligacy of the ruling class in the Yuan Dynasty and the frequent disasters in the Yuan Dynasty, their finances were often in a state of stress. In order to alleviate the pressure, the ruling class raised funds from the people by means of "worshiping officials" and other means. But this kind of policy which can not be accepted has become another way of entering the official government besides the imperial examination seriously blocked in Yuan Dynasty. To a certain extent, it has satisfied the desire of the rich people for their political status.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K247

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