元代和清代汉族政策比较研究
发布时间：2018-07-15 13:02
【摘要】：元朝和清朝是我国历史上仅有的两个由少数民族入主中原建立的全国性政权,这两个朝代对我国多民族国家的发展与巩固发挥了至关重要的作用,这与其奉行的民族政策是分不开的,尤其是对汉族的政策。元代和清代民族政策是整个封建社会民族政策体系的重要组成部分,由于同处于封建社会,其民族政策自然具有历代王朝民族政策的特点。但这两个朝代,与历代封建王朝相比,最大的不同就是全国性政权是由少数民族建立的,少数民族成为了统治民族。这就决定了其对民族问题的理解、所制定和实行民族政策出发点和角度与历朝历代民族政策的不同,所以本文选取了这两个特殊的朝代作为研究对象进行比较研究。 对历史上民族政策研究的重要价值在于,为当今民族政策的制定和完善,为妥善处理民族问题提供借鉴。元代和清代的民族政策固然已经成为历史,但历史与现实有着千丝万缕的联系。元代和清代的众多民族和相关问题与中国的现实息息相关,研究元代和清代的汉族政策,客观了解这两个少数民族建立的封建王朝是如何制定与实施民族政策,如何处理民族问题,探究其成功之处和失败之因,以史为鉴,既可以深化我们对当今民族理论与民族政策的反思与发展,也有益于我们在实际工作当中对妥善处理民族问题进行探索与创新。 本文主要是基于这样一个目的,运用民族理论与政策、政策学、历史学、民族学等学科的若干理论和方法对元代和清代汉族政策进行全面考察和深入分析,并从比较史学的角度尝试从政策主体、客体、社会环境、内容、实施效果等五个方面对元代和清代的汉族政策进行全面比较和系统评析,在此基础上得出对我国当今民族政策制定与完善的若干启示,上述问题将是本论文所要着重研究的关键所在。 全文由导论、主体论述和结论三大部分组成。 在导论中,重点说明了本文的研究目的与意义、国内外学术界相关研究概况、基本概念界定及相关问题说明、主要研究内容和方法等。 第一章,元代汉族政策的形成与发展。本文所论述的元代不仅包括了元朝统一中国后的历史,还包括了蒙古汗国时期的历史。这一部分主要考察这一时期汉族政策形成和发展的社会背景、主要内容和主要特点。在此基础上,总结元朝政府汉族政策制定的原则,并对其实施效果进行评价。 第二章,清代汉族政策的形成与发展。本文所论述的清代不仅包括了清入关后成为了全国性政权的历史,还包括了清入关前后金作为地方性政权这段期间的历史。主要考察这一时期汉族政策形成和发展的社会背景、主要内容和主要特点。在此基础上,总结清朝政府汉族政策制定的原则,并对其实施效果进行评价。 第三章,元代和清代汉族政策比较及评析。主要包括：(1)对元代和清代汉族政策的主体、客体、社会环境、内容、实施效果的比较及分析；(2)对元代和清代汉族政策的主要优点和主要弊端的评析。通过侧重分析两个朝代汉族政策的相似性与差异性及探求隐藏于背后的深层次原因,进一步深化对两个朝代汉族政策的认识。 第四章,元代和清代汉族政策对当代中国民族政策的启示,主要是根据前几部分的研究得出几点启示：(1)对当代民族政策理念层面的启示；(2)对当代民族政策制定层面的启示；(3)对当代民族政策实施层面的启示。 结论部分,全文通过对元代和清代汉族政策的比较研究,从认真区别元代和清代民族政策与历代封建王朝民族政策共性与差异性的角度,从元代和清代汉族政策既有可资借鉴的成熟经验同时又有要力图避免的缺陷的角度,从元代和清代汉族政策异同的角度,从元代和清代汉族政策对比看民族政策对于民族关系的影响至关重要性的角度,从元代和清代汉族政策对当今民族工作的重要启示的角度,得出了几点基本结论。 总之,希望通过对元代和清代汉族政策的回顾、比较和反思,能够从中汲取宝贵的经验,对我们今天民族工作的开展能够有所裨益。
[Abstract]:The Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty are the only two ethnic groups established by the minority nationalities in the history of our country . These two dynasties have played a vital role in the development and consolidation of many ethnic groups in our country .
The important value of the study of ethnic policy in history is to provide reference for the development and perfection of the national policy . The national policy of Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty has become the history , but the history and the Qing Dynasty ' s ethnic policy has become the history , but the history and the Qing Dynasty ' s ethnic policies are closely related to the reality of China .
Based on such an objective , this paper makes a comprehensive investigation and thorough analysis on the policies of Han nationality in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty by using several theories and methods of national theory and policy , policy science , history and ethnology , and tries to make a comprehensive comparison and systematic analysis of the Han policy in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty from the angle of comparative history .
The thesis consists of three parts : introduction , subject discussion and conclusion .
In the introduction , emphasis is given to the research purpose and significance of this paper , the relevant research situation , the definition of basic concept and the description of relevant problems at home and abroad , the main research contents and methods , etc .
The first chapter , the formation and development of the Han nationality policy in Yuan Dynasty . The Yuan Dynasty discussed in this paper not only includes the history of the unification of the Yuan Dynasty in China , but also the history of the period of the Han nationality in Mongolia . This part mainly examines the social background , main contents and main characteristics of the formation and development of the Han policy in this period . On this basis , the principles of the policy formulation of the Han nationality in the Yuan Dynasty are summarized , and the effect of its implementation is evaluated .
The second chapter , the formation and development of the Han nationality policy in Qing Dynasty . The Qing Dynasty discussed in this paper not only includes the history of the national political power after the Qing Dynasty , but also the history of the period of the period of the Qing Dynasty before and after the Qing Dynasty .
The third chapter , the comparison and analysis of the policy of Han nationality in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty mainly includes : ( 1 ) the comparison and analysis of the subject , object , social environment , content and implementation effect of the Han policy of Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty ;
( 2 ) To analyze the main advantages and disadvantages of Han ' s policies in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty .
The fourth chapter , the enlightenment of the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty Han nationality policy on the contemporary Chinese national policy is mainly based on the research of the first few parts to get some revelations : ( 1 ) the inspiration to the contemporary national policy concept level ;
( 2 ) Enlightment to the development level of contemporary national policy ;
( 3 ) Enlightment to the implementation of contemporary national policy .
Based on the comparative study of the policy of Han nationality in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty , the author has drawn some basic conclusions from the perspective of the policy of Han nationality in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty .
In short , it is hoped that through the review , comparison and reflection of the Han policy of the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty , the valuable experience can be drawn from it , and it will be beneficial to the development of our national work today .
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K249
本文编号：2124162
[Abstract]:The Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty are the only two ethnic groups established by the minority nationalities in the history of our country . These two dynasties have played a vital role in the development and consolidation of many ethnic groups in our country .
The important value of the study of ethnic policy in history is to provide reference for the development and perfection of the national policy . The national policy of Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty has become the history , but the history and the Qing Dynasty ' s ethnic policy has become the history , but the history and the Qing Dynasty ' s ethnic policies are closely related to the reality of China .
Based on such an objective , this paper makes a comprehensive investigation and thorough analysis on the policies of Han nationality in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty by using several theories and methods of national theory and policy , policy science , history and ethnology , and tries to make a comprehensive comparison and systematic analysis of the Han policy in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty from the angle of comparative history .
The thesis consists of three parts : introduction , subject discussion and conclusion .
In the introduction , emphasis is given to the research purpose and significance of this paper , the relevant research situation , the definition of basic concept and the description of relevant problems at home and abroad , the main research contents and methods , etc .
The first chapter , the formation and development of the Han nationality policy in Yuan Dynasty . The Yuan Dynasty discussed in this paper not only includes the history of the unification of the Yuan Dynasty in China , but also the history of the period of the Han nationality in Mongolia . This part mainly examines the social background , main contents and main characteristics of the formation and development of the Han policy in this period . On this basis , the principles of the policy formulation of the Han nationality in the Yuan Dynasty are summarized , and the effect of its implementation is evaluated .
The second chapter , the formation and development of the Han nationality policy in Qing Dynasty . The Qing Dynasty discussed in this paper not only includes the history of the national political power after the Qing Dynasty , but also the history of the period of the period of the Qing Dynasty before and after the Qing Dynasty .
The third chapter , the comparison and analysis of the policy of Han nationality in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty mainly includes : ( 1 ) the comparison and analysis of the subject , object , social environment , content and implementation effect of the Han policy of Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty ;
( 2 ) To analyze the main advantages and disadvantages of Han ' s policies in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty .
The fourth chapter , the enlightenment of the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty Han nationality policy on the contemporary Chinese national policy is mainly based on the research of the first few parts to get some revelations : ( 1 ) the inspiration to the contemporary national policy concept level ;
( 2 ) Enlightment to the development level of contemporary national policy ;
( 3 ) Enlightment to the implementation of contemporary national policy .
Based on the comparative study of the policy of Han nationality in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty , the author has drawn some basic conclusions from the perspective of the policy of Han nationality in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty .
In short , it is hoped that through the review , comparison and reflection of the Han policy of the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty , the valuable experience can be drawn from it , and it will be beneficial to the development of our national work today .
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K249
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