民族交往视角下的西夏与辽朝民族政策探析

发布时间：2018-07-17 02:32

【摘要】：在中华民族五千年的历史发展进程中,各民族相互交往、交流、交融,逐步形成了一个大杂居小聚居的统一多民族国家。在中国古代史上,各民族先后经历了几次大规模的民族融合。其中自五代十国后近两个半世纪,就是我国多民族融合发展的关键时期之一,此时我国恰好处于宋、辽、西夏等多民族政权并存、对峙时期。西夏和辽是以党项和契丹两个少数民族为主体的多民族政权。西夏主要由党项、汉、吐蕃、回鹘、鞑靼等民族构成;辽国是由契丹、汉人、渤海人、五国部、系辽籍女真、室韦、乌古、敌烈、党项、生女真、阻卜和回鹘等民族构成的。面对国内众多的民族状况,西夏和辽都有针对性地制定了各自的民族政策来维护政权内部的稳定,并通过各自的交往策略同周边各民族政权进行积极的交流、交往。论文分为四个部分:第一部分:西夏的民族交往和民族政策。首先介绍了西夏政权的建立及其民族构成。其次论述了西夏民族交往的三个时期,即党项族内迁前后,李继迁起兵抗宋到崇宗乾顺弃辽附金时期以及西夏王朝的末期。最后论述了西夏的民族政策。第二部分:辽的民族交往和民族政策。首先介绍了辽政权的建立及其境内的民族构成状况。其次概述了辽与渤海国、高丽、北宋三个政权的民族交往。最后分别介绍了辽在其直接统治区域、间接控制区域和边缘区域所制定的民族政策。第三部分:西夏与辽的民族交往。首先提出了西夏与辽民族关系的分期,即结盟时期(986-1032)、破盟时期(1037-1067)、复盟时期(1068-1125)。其次详细介绍了西夏与辽民族交往的五种表现形式,即通使、和亲、战争、纳贡、互市。最后从推行番汉并行的官阶体制、政权的多民族构成、民族文化相互交融和深受中原文化影响等方面分析了西夏与辽民族政策与民族交往的共性特点;比较分析了西夏与辽在地理环境和风俗习惯、社会发展水平和政权实力地位、民族交往策略三个方面的个性特点。第四部分:结语。西夏和辽在政权鼎立的同时也通过遣使、通贡、互市、联姻等方式进行密切交往。特别是西夏与辽王朝所制定和推行的民族政策,在书写中华民族文明史方面起到了积极的、不可替代的作用。一方面各民族在中国历史发展长河中守望相助、手足相亲,共同书写了中华民族形成史;另一方面,通过研究少数民族政权的民族政策和民族交往,以少数民族的视角来审视某段中华民族文明史,也是一个较为崭新的研究视角。
[Abstract]:In the course of five thousand years of historical development of the Chinese nation, various nationalities have interacted, exchanged and blended with each other, and gradually formed a unified multi-ethnic country with large and mixed settlements and small settlements. In the ancient history of China, various nationalities have experienced several large-scale ethnic integration. Two and a half centuries after the five dynasties and ten states, it is one of the key periods of the multi-national integration and development of our country. At this time, our country happens to be in the period of coexistence and confrontation of the multiethnic regimes such as Song, Liao, Xixia and so on. Xixia and Liao are multi-national regimes with the party and Qidan as the main minority. The Western Xia Dynasty is mainly composed of the Party, Han, Tubo, Uighur, Tatars, etc. The Liao kingdom is composed of Qidan, Han, Bohai and five nationalities, such as Liaozhi Nuzhen, Virgo, Ugu, enemy, Dangxiang, Nuzhen, blocking and Uygur, and so on. In the face of many national conditions in China, both Xixia and Liao formulated their respective national policies to maintain the internal stability of the regime, and through their respective communication strategies to carry out positive exchanges and exchanges with the neighboring national regimes. The thesis is divided into four parts: the first part: the national communication and national policy in Xixia. First of all, introduced the establishment of the Western Xia regime and its ethnic composition. Secondly, it discusses the three periods of national communication in Xixia, that is, before and after the internal migration of the Dangxiang people, Li followed the move from the Song Dynasty to the period of Chongzong Qianshun's abandonment of Liao and Fu Jin dynasties and the end of the Western Xia Dynasty. At last, it discusses the national policy of Xixia. The second part: Liao nationality communication and national policy. First of all, it introduces the establishment of Liao regime and the ethnic composition in its territory. Secondly, it summarizes the national exchanges between Liao and Bohai, Koryo and Northern Song dynasties. At last, it introduces the national policy of Liao in its direct control region, indirect control region and marginal region. The third part: the national communication between Xixia and Liao. Firstly, it puts forward the stages of the relationship between Xixia and Liao nationality, that is, the period of alliance (986-1032), the period of breaking alliance (1037-1067), the period of Fu League (1068-1125). Secondly, it introduces five forms of communication between Xixia and Liao nationality in detail, that is, communication, reconciliation, war, tribute and mutual exchange. Finally, this paper analyzes the common characteristics of the policies and national exchanges between the Western Xia and the Liao Dynasty from the following aspects: the implementation of the official rank system, the multi-ethnic composition of political power, the mutual integration of national culture and the influence of the Central Plains culture. This paper compares and analyzes the personality characteristics of Xixia and Liao in three aspects: geographical environment and customs, social development level and political power position, and national communication strategy. Part four: conclusion. Xixia and Liao also had close contact with each other by sending emissaries, offering tribute, exchanging markets and marriage. In particular, the national policies formulated and carried out by the Western Xia and Liao dynasties played an active and irreplaceable role in writing the history of Chinese civilization. On the one hand, all ethnic groups have helped one another in the development of Chinese history, and have written together the history of the formation of the Chinese nation by making blind dates with each other; on the other hand, by studying the ethnic policies and ethnic exchanges of the ethnic minority regimes, It is also a new perspective to examine the history of Chinese civilization from the perspective of ethnic minorities.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K246

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