明代麓川治理问题研究
发布时间：2018-08-06 20:33
【摘要】：明代是我国统一多民族国家发展的重要阶段,境内各民族不同程度的发展、壮大,给明代的统治者带来了不小的压力,迫使明代统治者正视民族问题。为了处理好民族关系,稳定对边疆民族地区的统治,明代统治者制定了内容十分丰富的民族政策。但由于受明代国力强弱变化、当政者个性以及政治斗争等诸多因素的干扰,明代民族政策经历了一系列复杂的演变,给明代国力造成了巨大影响。可以说,明代的兴衰都与民族及民族政策的成败有极为密切的关系。 本文以前人的研究为基础,根据丰富、详实的史志资料,运用民族学、历史学等学科的方法,结合相关学科理论,明代治理麓川思氏政权的民族政策的实现过程,去探讨明代治理边疆民族地区及处理民族关系的政治得失,以揭示正确处理民族问题的重要性。 全文论述构成如下： 绪论,重点说明了本文的研究价值、国内外学术界相关研究概况、研究的基本内容、研究方法等。 第一章,麓川地区早期的傣族政权。通过对麓川(即勐卯)地区历史发展的描述,理清其发展脉络,回顾麓川这块土地上傣族人民的政治生活情况。让我们看到今天的傣族不仅有虔诚的宗教信仰、美丽的勐巴娜西、别具一格的傣家竹楼、婀娜多姿的“小卜少”,恭谦、性情如水的傣家人民还有灿烂的文化,悠久的历史。其历史发展是中国民族史不可或缺的部分,其政治生活是中国多民族国家形成发展过程中必不可少的一环。在以麓川为中心的西部傣族地区,历史上曾经建立过辉煌的达光王国、勐卯果占璧王国,形成了西部傣族历史上统一的地方政权。这些政权的形成与存在,不仅说明了西部傣族的政治发展水平,同时也展现了西部傣族人民的经济、文化发展程度。 第二章,明代治理麓川的政治背景。介绍了明代为处理边疆民族地区的少数民族事务,自上而下,在中央和地方都设置相关的负责机构,以此加强对少数民族事务的管理。另外,回顾了麓川建置的历史沿革,概述了麓川和中央王朝彼此联系的不断加深的过程；通过描述麓川当时的政治形势,大体把握了明代着手治理麓川即将面对的基本状况。 第三章,明代“析麓川地”削弱思氏政权。概括了明代治理麓川的民族政策有独特之处,而且随着麓川地区形势的发展变化,其政策实施的重点在明代的不同统治者的不同时期也有所不同。自明太祖朱元璋至正统皇帝,由于麓川地区社会政治、经济、文化的发展,傣族土司的数量有所增加；明代在麓川地区实施的各项政策在一定程度上导致了麓川地区形势的变化,明代不得不调整其政策；这样,明代前期与中期的政策有很大不同。本文的创新点亦在此处,通过特定的历史人物、特定的历史事件,将人物、事件和政策三者结合起来,明代通过朱元璋、朱棣等明代统治者和“析麓川地”、“三征麓川”两个特定的历史事件,展现了明代治理麓川思氏政权的民族政策,反映出人物、事件对政策制定、施行的影响,从而揭示封建专制中央集权制度下,一切社会重大历史事件皆由人治的局限性。 第四章,明代“三征麓川”殄灭思氏政权。在与中央王朝的交往中,麓川政权或战或降,中央王朝或征或抚,这都是麓川西部傣族与中原的沟通、交流的方式,在征战中彼此有了接触、了解,也是边疆逐渐与中央王朝一体化的过程。从历史的维度,去正确看待明代治理麓川民族政策的利弊得失。明代治理麓川的民族政策一方面对明代和百夷社会都具有积极与消极影响,另一方面却逐步增强了麓川傣族地区对中央王朝的向心力,增强了中华民族的凝聚力。 结语,结合文章论述的内容,提出了相应的四个观点,其一,麓川的地缘优势是滇西傣族建立早期政权的重要原因；其二,明代“析麓川地”是对边疆民族地区分而治之的时代体现；其三,明代“三征麓川”民族政策是从抚到剿、由弱到强的过程；其四,明代治理麓川民族政策是处理南方民族关系的一个缩影。
[Abstract]:The Ming Dynasty is an important stage for the development of the united multi-ethnic country in China. The development and expansion of various ethnic groups in China have brought no small pressure to the rulers of the Ming Dynasty, forcing the rulers of the Ming Dynasty to face the national problems. In order to deal with the national relations and to stabilize the rule of the border areas, the rulers of the Ming Dynasty made a very rich content. The national policy of the Ming Dynasty has undergone a series of complex evolvement, which has greatly influenced the national strength of the Ming Dynasty. It can be said that the prosperity and decline of the Ming Dynasty are closely related to the success or failure of the national and national policy.
On the basis of the previous study, based on the rich and detailed historical records, using the methods of ethnology, history and other disciplines, combined with the related subject theory, the Ming Dynasty governing the realization process of the ethnic policy of the Lusi's political power in the Ming Dynasty, to explore the political gains and losses of the border areas in the Ming Dynasty and to deal with the ethnic relations in the Ming Dynasty, in order to reveal the correct handling of the people. The importance of the family problem.
The full text is made up as follows:
The introduction focuses on the research value of this article, the general situation of academic research at home and abroad, the basic content of the research, and the research methods.
In the first chapter, the Dai ethnic regime in the early stage of the Lu Chuan area, through the description of the historical development of the Lu Chuan (Meng MAO) area, clarifies its development and reviews the political life of the Dai people on this land of Lu Chuan. Let us see today's Dai people not only have religious beliefs, beautiful Mong Bana Si, and a unique and graceful bamboo building of the Dai family. It is an important part of Chinese national history. Its political life is an indispensable part of the formation and development of China's multi-ethnic state. In the Western Dai area, the western region, centered on the Lu Sichuan Province, has been established in history. In the glorious kingdom of Daguang, the kingdom of Meng Mao fruit and the kingdoms formed the unified local regime in the history of the Dai nationality in Western China. The formation and existence of these regimes not only illustrated the level of the political development of the Dai people in the west, but also showed the economic and cultural development of the people of the Dai people in the West.
The second chapter, the political background of the Ming Dynasty, introduced the Ming Dynasty to deal with the Ethnic Minority Affairs in the border areas, from top to bottom, and set up the relevant responsible institutions in the central and local areas, so as to strengthen the management of the Minority Affairs. In addition, it reviewed the historical evolution of the establishment of Lu Chuan and summarized the connection between the Lu Chuan and the central dynasty. Through describing the political situation of Luchuan, we can grasp the basic situation that the Ming Dynasty will face when we start to govern Luchuan.
In the third chapter, the Ming Dynasty "Lu Chuan land" weakened the Si's regime. It summarized the unique features of the national policy of the Ming Dynasty, and with the development and change of the situation in the Lu Chuan area, the focus of its policy implementation was different in the different periods of the different rulers of the Ming Dynasty. From the Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang to the orthodox emperor, because of the Lu Chuan area society With the development of political, economic and cultural development, the number of Dai toast has increased; the policies implemented in the Ming Dynasty in the Lu Sichuan area have led to the changes in the situation in the Lu Chuan area, and the Ming Dynasty has to adjust its policy; in this way, the policy of the early Ming Dynasty and the middle period is very different. Historical figures, specific historical events, and the combination of characters, events and policies. The Ming Dynasty, through the Ming Dynasty rulers of Zhu Yuanzhang and Yongle, and the two specific historical events of "the Lu Sichuan land" and "the three Piedmont", showed the national policy of the Ming Dynasty's administration of the foothill's political power in the Ming Dynasty, reflecting the figures and the effects of the policy formulation and the implementation of the three historical events. It reveals the limitations of all the major social events in the feudal autocratic centralization system.
In the fourth chapter, the "three Piedmont" of the Ming Dynasty destroyed the thought of the political power. In the communication with the central dynasty, the Piedmont regime or the war or fall, the central dynasty or the expedition or caress, this is the communication between the Dai and the Central Plains in Western Lu Chuan, the way of communication, and the process of the integration of the border areas with the central dynasty. On the one hand, the national policy of the Ming Dynasty, on the one hand, had positive and negative effects on the Ming Dynasty and the hundred Yi society. On the other hand, it gradually strengthened the centripetal force of the Dai nationality in the Lu Chuan area to the central dynasty and strengthened the cohesion of the Chinese nation.
The conclusion, combined with the content of the article, puts forward four points of view. First, the geographical advantage of the Lu Chuan is the important reason for the Dai people in the western Yunnan Province to establish the early political power; secondly, the Ming Dynasty "the foothills of Sichuan" is an embodiment of the epoch of dividing and governing the frontier ethnic areas; thirdly, the national policy of "the three Piedmont" of the Ming Dynasty is from the suppression to the suppression and from the weak to the suppression. Fourth, the policy of Lu Chuan in the Ming Dynasty is a miniature of dealing with the relations between the South and the south.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D691.72;K248
本文编号：2168911
[Abstract]:The Ming Dynasty is an important stage for the development of the united multi-ethnic country in China. The development and expansion of various ethnic groups in China have brought no small pressure to the rulers of the Ming Dynasty, forcing the rulers of the Ming Dynasty to face the national problems. In order to deal with the national relations and to stabilize the rule of the border areas, the rulers of the Ming Dynasty made a very rich content. The national policy of the Ming Dynasty has undergone a series of complex evolvement, which has greatly influenced the national strength of the Ming Dynasty. It can be said that the prosperity and decline of the Ming Dynasty are closely related to the success or failure of the national and national policy.
On the basis of the previous study, based on the rich and detailed historical records, using the methods of ethnology, history and other disciplines, combined with the related subject theory, the Ming Dynasty governing the realization process of the ethnic policy of the Lusi's political power in the Ming Dynasty, to explore the political gains and losses of the border areas in the Ming Dynasty and to deal with the ethnic relations in the Ming Dynasty, in order to reveal the correct handling of the people. The importance of the family problem.
The full text is made up as follows:
The introduction focuses on the research value of this article, the general situation of academic research at home and abroad, the basic content of the research, and the research methods.
In the first chapter, the Dai ethnic regime in the early stage of the Lu Chuan area, through the description of the historical development of the Lu Chuan (Meng MAO) area, clarifies its development and reviews the political life of the Dai people on this land of Lu Chuan. Let us see today's Dai people not only have religious beliefs, beautiful Mong Bana Si, and a unique and graceful bamboo building of the Dai family. It is an important part of Chinese national history. Its political life is an indispensable part of the formation and development of China's multi-ethnic state. In the Western Dai area, the western region, centered on the Lu Sichuan Province, has been established in history. In the glorious kingdom of Daguang, the kingdom of Meng Mao fruit and the kingdoms formed the unified local regime in the history of the Dai nationality in Western China. The formation and existence of these regimes not only illustrated the level of the political development of the Dai people in the west, but also showed the economic and cultural development of the people of the Dai people in the West.
The second chapter, the political background of the Ming Dynasty, introduced the Ming Dynasty to deal with the Ethnic Minority Affairs in the border areas, from top to bottom, and set up the relevant responsible institutions in the central and local areas, so as to strengthen the management of the Minority Affairs. In addition, it reviewed the historical evolution of the establishment of Lu Chuan and summarized the connection between the Lu Chuan and the central dynasty. Through describing the political situation of Luchuan, we can grasp the basic situation that the Ming Dynasty will face when we start to govern Luchuan.
In the third chapter, the Ming Dynasty "Lu Chuan land" weakened the Si's regime. It summarized the unique features of the national policy of the Ming Dynasty, and with the development and change of the situation in the Lu Chuan area, the focus of its policy implementation was different in the different periods of the different rulers of the Ming Dynasty. From the Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang to the orthodox emperor, because of the Lu Chuan area society With the development of political, economic and cultural development, the number of Dai toast has increased; the policies implemented in the Ming Dynasty in the Lu Sichuan area have led to the changes in the situation in the Lu Chuan area, and the Ming Dynasty has to adjust its policy; in this way, the policy of the early Ming Dynasty and the middle period is very different. Historical figures, specific historical events, and the combination of characters, events and policies. The Ming Dynasty, through the Ming Dynasty rulers of Zhu Yuanzhang and Yongle, and the two specific historical events of "the Lu Sichuan land" and "the three Piedmont", showed the national policy of the Ming Dynasty's administration of the foothill's political power in the Ming Dynasty, reflecting the figures and the effects of the policy formulation and the implementation of the three historical events. It reveals the limitations of all the major social events in the feudal autocratic centralization system.
In the fourth chapter, the "three Piedmont" of the Ming Dynasty destroyed the thought of the political power. In the communication with the central dynasty, the Piedmont regime or the war or fall, the central dynasty or the expedition or caress, this is the communication between the Dai and the Central Plains in Western Lu Chuan, the way of communication, and the process of the integration of the border areas with the central dynasty. On the one hand, the national policy of the Ming Dynasty, on the one hand, had positive and negative effects on the Ming Dynasty and the hundred Yi society. On the other hand, it gradually strengthened the centripetal force of the Dai nationality in the Lu Chuan area to the central dynasty and strengthened the cohesion of the Chinese nation.
The conclusion, combined with the content of the article, puts forward four points of view. First, the geographical advantage of the Lu Chuan is the important reason for the Dai people in the western Yunnan Province to establish the early political power; secondly, the Ming Dynasty "the foothills of Sichuan" is an embodiment of the epoch of dividing and governing the frontier ethnic areas; thirdly, the national policy of "the three Piedmont" of the Ming Dynasty is from the suppression to the suppression and from the weak to the suppression. Fourth, the policy of Lu Chuan in the Ming Dynasty is a miniature of dealing with the relations between the South and the south.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D691.72;K248
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