宋代天学机构及天学灾异观研究

发布时间：2018-09-08 10:29

【摘要】：天在中国古人的心中具有非常重要的地位，对于世俗政权的统治者而言，占有沟通天人的权力并垄断对天意的解释权就变得异常重要。于是，扮演沟通天人媒介的天学机构和天学人员自然也拥有了独特的地位和作用。考察天学机构的沿革和天学人员身份的变化有助于进一步认识中国古人知识和信仰世界的变化轨迹。本文以宋代天学机构的沿革变化为视角，尝试分析宋人天学灾异观念的变化。宋代天学机构的承袭了前代的设置，但又有了一些因应时代需求的新特点。如与外朝司天监相互关防的内朝翰林天文院的设置，以及选派儒臣出任的提举司天监。这样的调整一方面表现了宋代冗官特点，另一方面却也揭示了宋代统治者为了加强对天学机构掌控以及为推进天学观测准确性所做的努力。朝廷的重视以及具有渊博知识的士大夫的积极参与，极大的推动了宋代天学成就的取得。在新的时代条件下，宋人的灾异观念也发生了很大的变化，，他们对一些自然界的天象变化已经有了比较科学的认识，并在批判继承秦汉以来的灾异观念的基础上形成了有宋代特色的灾异观念。而这种变化在时人的意识世界中产生了冲突，熙宁变法期间，士大夫们在“天变不足畏”之说上的争论就是这种冲突的一个集中表现。通过这种争论，使我们认识到，一方面，在当时的社会条件下，所谓“天地与人，了不相关”的天人关系是不被人们接受的，无论对王安石等变法派或者以司马光等为代表的反对派都是如此，另一方面，天的神圣性和权威性处在不断的瓦解当中。
[Abstract]:Heaven has a very important position in the hearts of the ancient Chinese. For the rulers of the secular regime, it is extremely important to have the power to communicate with heaven and man and to monopolize the interpretation of the divine will. As a result, the celestial institutions and personnel who play the role of communication media also have a unique position and role. It is helpful to understand the changing track of the knowledge and belief world of the ancient Chinese people by investigating the evolution of the natural science institution and the change of the identity of the natural science personnel. This paper tries to analyze the change of the concept of natural learning disaster in Song Dynasty from the perspective of the evolution of the natural learning institutions in the Song Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, Tianxue institutions inherited the setting of the previous generation, but also had some new characteristics to meet the needs of the times. For example, the establishment of the Inner Hanlin Astronomical Institute and the appointment of Confucian ministers as the director of the Imperial Court. On the one hand, the adjustment shows the characteristics of redundant officials in the Song Dynasty, on the other hand, it also reveals the efforts made by the rulers of the Song Dynasty to strengthen the control of the celestial science institutions and to promote the accuracy of the observation of the celestial sciences. The attention of the court and the active participation of literati and officials with profound knowledge greatly promoted the achievements of the Song Dynasty. Under the new conditions of the times, the people of the Song Dynasty have also undergone great changes in their concept of disaster. They have already had a more scientific understanding of the changes in some natural phenomena. On the basis of criticizing and inheriting the concept of disaster since Qin and Han dynasties, the concept of disaster difference with characteristics of Song Dynasty was formed. This kind of change produced conflict in the world of human consciousness at that time. During Xining's reform, the argument on the theory that "heaven is not enough to be feared" is one of the concentrated manifestations of this kind of conflict. Through this argument, we realize that, on the one hand, under the social conditions at that time, the so-called "heaven and earth and man," the relationship between heaven and man is not accepted by people. This is true of Wang Anshi and other reformists or the opposition represented by Si Maguang. On the other hand, the sanctity and authority of heaven are constantly disintegrating.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K244;P1-092

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