五世达赖喇嘛入京朝觐史实研究

发布时间：2018-11-10 23:12

【摘要】：五世达赖喇嘛入京朝觐是清朝初年一件具有重大意义的历史事件，对清藏双方来说都影响颇深。早在满清入关前，清统治者就看到了藏传佛教在蒙古地区的广泛影响力，为拉拢蒙古各部归附清朝，遂确立了尊崇藏传佛教的政策。清皇太极在位时就积极采取行动延请藏传佛教高僧来京传法，而西藏格鲁派与五世达赖喇嘛也因自身面临的困境，在和硕特蒙古固始汗的推动下遣使盛京，与清建立起良好的互动关系。在双方的积极努力和协调下，终于在顺治九年完成了西藏最高宗教领袖与清最高统治者之间的历史性会晤。在五世达赖入京朝觐的过程中，尽管也出现了许多争议和反复，但清对其实施的高规格礼遇和接待使双方之间的关系有了进一步发展。在五世达赖归藏途中，清廷赐予了五世达赖金册金印，正式册封其为西藏地区最高的宗教领袖，这标志着从此之后，历代达赖喇嘛的继位都需要经过中央的册封，另一方面，固始汗也在五世达赖入京朝觐后获得了清廷的册封，正式成为清统治西藏的代言人。而清廷通过对两者实行“政教分封”的办法成功将西藏地方纳入到中央的管辖之中。五世达赖喇嘛朝觐之行确立了清与西藏之间的隶属关系，也为清最终实现统一大业奠定了基础。本文试图在前辈学者对五世达赖喇嘛及清藏关系研究成果的基础上，通过对五世达赖喇嘛入京前后的历史背景、出发的动因、以及这过程中出现的一系列争议等问题进行更加深入和系统的探讨，更全面、客观的还原出这段历史。文章主体共分为四个部分：第一部分，以“五世达赖喇嘛入京朝觐前的满藏互动”为题，，主要从皇太极与格鲁派五世达赖喇嘛双方相互遣使的动因和过程出发，进而阐明其为五世达赖喇嘛入京朝觐顺治帝之行奠定基础。第二部分，以“五世达赖喇嘛入京朝觐顺治帝之行”为题，通过详细论述和分析其入京的地点、接待的礼仪、下榻的地点、在京的主要活动日程等，更加客观和全面的还原出五世达赖喇嘛朝觐的过程，驳斥其西方藏独学者的谬论。第三部分，以“五世达赖喇嘛入京朝觐的历史影响”为题，详细阐述了其入京朝觐这一历史事件对双方产生的影响。第四部分，总结全文，得出了五世达赖喇嘛入京朝觐的历史必然性。
[Abstract]:The fifth Dalai Lama's pilgrimage to Beijing was a historic event of great significance in the early Qing Dynasty, which had a profound impact on both sides. As early as before the entry of the Manchu, the Qing rulers saw the widespread influence of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia, and established the policy of respecting Tibetan Buddhism in order to attract the Mongolian ministries to the Qing Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Taiji in the Qing Dynasty, he took active action to invite Tibetan Buddhist monks to come to Beijing to preach the Dharma. However, the Tibetan Gru faction and the Fifth Dalai Lama also sent Shengjing to Shengjing because of the difficulties they were facing, under the push of the Heshuote Mongol Gushi Khan. Establish a good interactive relationship with the Qing Dynasty. Thanks to the active efforts and coordination of both sides, the historic meeting between Tibet's supreme religious leaders and the supreme rulers of the Qing Dynasty was finally completed in Shunzhi nine years. In the course of the fifth Dalai Lama's pilgrimage to Beijing, although there have been many controversies and repetitions, the relations between the two sides have been further developed by the high standard courtesy and reception of the Qing Dynasty. On the way to Tibet of the Fifth Dalai Lama, the Qing government granted the Fifth Dalai the Golden Book of Gold Seal and officially canonized him as the highest religious leader in Tibet. This indicates that from then on, the succession of the Dalai Lama of all dynasties has to go through the canonization of the Central Committee. On the other hand, Gushi Khan was also canonized by the Qing government after the Fifth Dalai Lama's pilgrimage to Beijing, officially becoming the spokesman of the Qing ruling Tibet. The Qing government successfully brought Tibet under the jurisdiction of the central government. The fifth Dalai Lama's pilgrimage established the subordinate relationship between Qing and Tibet and laid the foundation for the ultimate reunification of the Qing Dynasty. On the basis of the previous scholars' research on the relationship between the Fifth Dalai Lama and the relationship between the Qing and Tibet, this paper attempts to analyze the historical background of the Fifth Dalai Lama before and after his arrival in Beijing and the motivation for his departure. And a series of disputes appeared in the process of more in-depth and systematic discussion, more comprehensive, objective to restore the history. The main body of the article is divided into four parts: the first part, taking "the interaction between Manchu and Tibet before the Fifth Dalai Lama's pilgrimage to Beijing" as the title, mainly starts from the motivation and process of the mutual dispatch between the Huangtai Chi and the Gru-faction Fifth Dalai Lama. Further, it lays the foundation for the fifth Dalai Lama's pilgrimage to Beijing. The second part, under the title of "the Fifth Dalai Lama's pilgrimage to Beijing on the Hajj Shunzhi Emperor", through a detailed discussion and analysis of the location of his arrival in Beijing, the etiquette of his reception, the place where he stayed, and the main agenda of his activities in Beijing, etc. A more objective and comprehensive restoration of the fifth Dalai Lama's pilgrimage, refuting the fallacy of his Western Tibetan independence scholars. In the third part, the historical influence of the fifth Dalai Lama on the pilgrimage to Beijing is discussed in detail. In the fourth part, the author concludes the historical inevitability of the fifth Dalai Lama's pilgrimage to Beijing.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K249

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