明清太医院医官培养制度研究
发布时间：2018-11-15 09:10
【摘要】：太医院之设始于金代,在元代成为全国最高医药卫生管理机关,明清两代继承元制,设置了院使、院判、御医、吏目等职,负责宫廷医疗保健与国家医政的管理工作。为了保证能为皇家提供最好的医疗服务,太医院对本院医官的培养花费了巨大的心血,从人才选拔、教学、考核升迁等方面都确立了一套完备的制度。明清太医院对历代的医学教育制度做了相应的吸收、补充和调整。在招生方面,主要采取吸收医家子弟、征召保送民间通医人员的方式,明代中后期还可以通过捐纳钱财来补任太医院医官。教学方面,明代十分注重医官的终身教育,自御医以下都要在院使、院判的领导下参与医学课程的学习;清代太医院特设教习厅,由经验丰富的太医教授医术。升迁考核方面,明政府规定太医院的医士、医生须定期参加考校,成为医官后也不是一劳永逸,还要接受考察与考满。清代太医院中,吏目及以下诸医一律参加医学会考,按成绩升迁,御医及以上的医官则一律遵从京官考课之例。明清太医院的医士、医生们劳役繁重却只能领取微薄的薪俸,只有获得品级才能享受与正式文官相同的待遇。明清时期的宫廷医官除了太医院自身培养的之外,还有一部分提拔自民间,由于民间医生培养方式具有官办机构不具备的优越性,因此太医院还对民间医学的优秀成果进行了大规模的借鉴和吸收,为太医院人才队伍的充实和宫廷医学的进步作出了巨大贡献。明清之际,官方医学所取得的巨大成就还传播至周边国家乃至欧洲,为人类医药文明的进步作出了突出贡献。之后随着西学东来,太医院也开始尝试着中西药的结合使用,但尚无主动培养西医人才的意识。直到鸦片战争后,西医才逐渐侵入中国,与中医分庭抗礼。
[Abstract]:The establishment of Tai Hospital began in the Jin Dynasty and became the highest medical and health administrative organ in the country in Yuan Dynasty. The Ming and Qing dynasties inherited the Yuan system and set up the posts of emissary, court judge, imperial doctor, official and so on, and was responsible for the management of the court medical care and the state medical administration. In order to provide the best medical service for the royal family, Tai Hospital has spent a great deal of effort on the training of medical officers in our hospital, and has established a complete system from the aspects of talent selection, teaching, examination and promotion. The medical education system of the Ming and Qing dynasties was absorbed, supplemented and adjusted. In the aspect of enrollment, it mainly adopted the way of absorbing the children of doctors and conscripting and sending folk medical personnel. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, it was possible to make up for the appointment of medical officers of Taitai Hospital by donating money and money. In terms of teaching, the Ming Dynasty paid great attention to the lifelong education of medical officers, since the imperial doctors have to be under the leadership of the hospital to participate in the study of medical courses; the Qing Dynasty Tai Hospital special teaching hall, by the experienced Tai-doctor to teach medical skills. In terms of promotion and examination, the Ming government stipulated that doctors in Tai-tai Hospital should attend examinations regularly. After becoming medical officers, they are not once and for all, but also subject to inspection and examination. In the Qing Dynasty Tai Hospital, officials and the following doctors all participated in the medical examination, according to the results of the promotion, imperial and above medical officials are all in accordance with the Beijing official examination of the case. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, doctors who worked very hard could only receive a meagre salary and received the same treatment as official civil servants. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, in addition to those trained by the Tai Hospital itself, some of the court medical officers were promoted from the private sector. Because of the superiority of the folk doctor training method, which the government does not have, Therefore, the hospital has also made a large-scale reference and absorption to the outstanding achievements of folk medicine, and has made great contributions to the enrichment of talents and the progress of court medicine. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the great achievements of official medicine spread to neighboring countries and even Europe, and made outstanding contributions to the progress of human medical civilization. Later, as the west came to the east, Tai Hospital began to try the combination of Chinese and western medicine, but there was no initiative to cultivate the awareness of Western medicine talent. Only after the Opium War did Western medicine invade China and compete with Chinese medicine.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248
本文编号：2332863
[Abstract]:The establishment of Tai Hospital began in the Jin Dynasty and became the highest medical and health administrative organ in the country in Yuan Dynasty. The Ming and Qing dynasties inherited the Yuan system and set up the posts of emissary, court judge, imperial doctor, official and so on, and was responsible for the management of the court medical care and the state medical administration. In order to provide the best medical service for the royal family, Tai Hospital has spent a great deal of effort on the training of medical officers in our hospital, and has established a complete system from the aspects of talent selection, teaching, examination and promotion. The medical education system of the Ming and Qing dynasties was absorbed, supplemented and adjusted. In the aspect of enrollment, it mainly adopted the way of absorbing the children of doctors and conscripting and sending folk medical personnel. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, it was possible to make up for the appointment of medical officers of Taitai Hospital by donating money and money. In terms of teaching, the Ming Dynasty paid great attention to the lifelong education of medical officers, since the imperial doctors have to be under the leadership of the hospital to participate in the study of medical courses; the Qing Dynasty Tai Hospital special teaching hall, by the experienced Tai-doctor to teach medical skills. In terms of promotion and examination, the Ming government stipulated that doctors in Tai-tai Hospital should attend examinations regularly. After becoming medical officers, they are not once and for all, but also subject to inspection and examination. In the Qing Dynasty Tai Hospital, officials and the following doctors all participated in the medical examination, according to the results of the promotion, imperial and above medical officials are all in accordance with the Beijing official examination of the case. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, doctors who worked very hard could only receive a meagre salary and received the same treatment as official civil servants. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, in addition to those trained by the Tai Hospital itself, some of the court medical officers were promoted from the private sector. Because of the superiority of the folk doctor training method, which the government does not have, Therefore, the hospital has also made a large-scale reference and absorption to the outstanding achievements of folk medicine, and has made great contributions to the enrichment of talents and the progress of court medicine. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the great achievements of official medicine spread to neighboring countries and even Europe, and made outstanding contributions to the progress of human medical civilization. Later, as the west came to the east, Tai Hospital began to try the combination of Chinese and western medicine, but there was no initiative to cultivate the awareness of Western medicine talent. Only after the Opium War did Western medicine invade China and compete with Chinese medicine.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248
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