先秦农家研究

发布时间：2018-11-16 17:42

【摘要】：在诸子百家产生的春秋战国时期，农家作为一个流派应运而生，本文首先对农家的范畴作了界定，从而清晰了研究对象的范围，在此基础上才能更好地做出合理的论述。而这个流派是在什么背景之下产生的，受什么因素的影响，需要通过思考研究去寻求答案。文章分析农家流派在战国时期产生的社会历史原因，从人口、土地、赋税、战争等多方面进行探讨，人口的增加、土地的有限、赋税的沉重、战争的频繁，诸多因素交织在一起，造就了战国时期复杂的社会历史背景，发展农业成了当时各国亟待解决的重要问题，使重视农业生产成为当时的趋势，，为农家的产生奠定了基础。同时在战国时期特殊的历史文化背景下也开创了农家得以产生的宽松的文化氛围。另外农家的产生除了与诸子百家的产生有着同样的文化环境因素之外，更有着其特殊的文化背景。农家的思想可分为不同的类型，有以许行为代表的“君民并耕”等的思想，也有《吕氏春秋·士容论》中农家四篇为代表的其他类型，但总的说来农家内在的重农思想还是一致的。许行的“君民并耕”等农家的代表思想，在当时的社会文化环境下产生有其历史的合理性，并试图通过自家的思想主张对当时社会的不合理之处给予“指正”，希望通过努力能够实践农家对于治国等诸方面的主张。但农家也有着不可回避的缺点，给其政策的推广、实施乃至传承带来了诸多障碍，因此农家的思想不得不加以转变以适应社会的要求不被时代所淘汰。本文从多角度对农家各类思想的产生、发展、衰落、延续等进行探究，并对前人的看法进行一定的梳理归纳。农家的思想不仅包括农业技术层面的认识，还包括政治、经济、哲学等思想，其独具风格的思想主张也给先秦文化带来了一股追求务实的风潮，并与其他各家思想在先秦动荡的社会历史文化环境中进行着交流、融合乃至抗衡。农家的出现在对中国古代社会农业的生产发展起到了推动作用的同时，为先秦社会文化思想的丰富也做出了一定的贡献。
[Abstract]:In the Spring and Autumn period and warring States period, the peasant family came into being as a school of thought. Firstly, this paper defined the category of the peasant family, so as to clear the scope of the research object, and on this basis can make a better reasonable discussion. In what background and by what factors, this school needs to be studied to find out the answer. This paper analyzes the social and historical causes of peasant schools in the warring States period, and discusses the population, land, taxation, war, etc., the increase of population, the limited land, the heavy taxation, the frequent wars, etc. Many factors intertwined together, created the complex social and historical background of the warring States period, and the development of agriculture became an important problem to be solved by all countries at that time, which made the attention to agricultural production become the trend at that time and laid the foundation for the emergence of farmers' families. At the same time, under the special historical and cultural background of the warring States period, it also created the relaxed cultural atmosphere that the farmers were able to produce. In addition, the emergence of farmers has its special cultural background in addition to the same cultural environmental factors. The thoughts of peasant families can be divided into different types, such as the idea of "the ruler and the people ploughing together", which is represented by the behavior of Xu, and the other types represented by the four articles of the Peasant Family in Lu's Spring and Autumn Scholars. But on the whole, the farmers' inner thought of attaching great importance to agriculture is still the same. Xu Hing's representative thoughts of "ruling the people and ploughing together" had their historical rationality in the social and cultural environment of the time, and tried to "correct" the unreasonableness of the society at that time through their own ideas. Hope that through efforts to practice farmers for the country and other aspects of the idea. However, farmers also have unavoidable shortcomings, to its policy promotion, implementation and even inheritance of a number of obstacles, so farmers' thinking has to be changed to adapt to the requirements of society is not eliminated by the times. This paper probes into the generation, development, decline and continuance of all kinds of thoughts of peasant family from many angles, and summarizes the views of predecessors. The thought of farmers not only includes the understanding of agricultural technology, but also includes political, economic, philosophy, etc. Its unique style of thought also brought a trend of pursuit of pragmatism to the pre-Qin culture. And other ideas in the pre-Qin turbulent social historical and cultural environment for communication, integration and even counterbalance. The emergence of farmers played a role in promoting the production and development of agriculture in ancient China, and made a certain contribution to the enrichment of social and cultural thoughts in the pre-Qin Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K22;B229

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