明代杂职官员出身考论
发布时间：2018-11-21 10:55
【摘要】：明初的杂职官与其他类官员一样经由举荐而来,杂职官与其他官员的差别仅是品级的差别,而非正途与异途的区分。过去学界认为明初的荐举(也称察举)是在明初科举停办、对人才需求孔急之时所实行的特殊制度,但实际上,明初的荐举制度可以看做是元代从户计(户役)中选择官员制度的延续。而被荐举者担任杂职官员(此时当包括学官)也最多。也就是说,明初的荐举实际上可能是刻意地沿用旧制,而非一般所理解的礼遇士人仿古之制。随着明代科举制度的恢复,儒士通过科举任官逐步退出杂职官群体。洪武十七年后有一系列对吏员任官的规定出现,逐渐形成以吏员补任杂职官的途径。此后明代杂职官的出身由荐举逐渐转为吏员,形成了明代杂职官与吏出身者逐渐混同的情况。
[Abstract]:In the early Ming Dynasty, miscellaneous officials came through recommendation just like other officials. The difference between miscellaneous officials and other officials was only the grade difference, not the difference between positive and different ways. In the past, scholars considered that the recommendation and appointment (also known as "inspection") in the early Ming Dynasty was a special system implemented in the early Ming Dynasty when the imperial examination was discontinued and the demand for talent was urgent, but in fact, The recommendation system in the early Ming Dynasty can be seen as a continuation of the system of selecting officials from the households in the Yuan Dynasty. The number of nominees serving as miscellaneous officials (including school officials) is also the highest. That is to say, in the early Ming Dynasty, the recommendation may have been deliberately followed by the old system, rather than the system of imitating the ancient times by courteous scholars. With the restoration of imperial examination system in Ming Dynasty, Confucianism gradually withdrew from miscellaneous official group through imperial examination. After 17 years of Hongwu, a series of regulations about officials as officials appeared, and gradually formed a way to replace officials as miscellaneous officials. Since then, the birth of miscellaneous officials in the Ming Dynasty gradually changed from recommendation to official, forming the situation that miscellaneous officials and officials gradually mixed with each other in the Ming Dynasty.
【作者单位】： 东北师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目(12AZD093)
【分类号】：K248
本文编号：2346762
[Abstract]:In the early Ming Dynasty, miscellaneous officials came through recommendation just like other officials. The difference between miscellaneous officials and other officials was only the grade difference, not the difference between positive and different ways. In the past, scholars considered that the recommendation and appointment (also known as "inspection") in the early Ming Dynasty was a special system implemented in the early Ming Dynasty when the imperial examination was discontinued and the demand for talent was urgent, but in fact, The recommendation system in the early Ming Dynasty can be seen as a continuation of the system of selecting officials from the households in the Yuan Dynasty. The number of nominees serving as miscellaneous officials (including school officials) is also the highest. That is to say, in the early Ming Dynasty, the recommendation may have been deliberately followed by the old system, rather than the system of imitating the ancient times by courteous scholars. With the restoration of imperial examination system in Ming Dynasty, Confucianism gradually withdrew from miscellaneous official group through imperial examination. After 17 years of Hongwu, a series of regulations about officials as officials appeared, and gradually formed a way to replace officials as miscellaneous officials. Since then, the birth of miscellaneous officials in the Ming Dynasty gradually changed from recommendation to official, forming the situation that miscellaneous officials and officials gradually mixed with each other in the Ming Dynasty.
【作者单位】： 东北师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目(12AZD093)
【分类号】：K248
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