清代中外贸易中的“南京布”

发布时间：2018-12-10 23:31

【摘要】：明后期起蜚声西方各国的“南京布”,最初是指一种由紫色棉花织成的布匹,后来衍展为江南较为常见的代表性布匹即小号布匹。曾广泛织造于苏松地区,称之为“苏松棉布”或“江南棉布”或更为恰切。南京布的得名当因其产自明代南直隶所属苏州、松江二府。南京布销往欧洲的时代,始于16世纪中后叶葡萄牙和西班牙人东来,1786-1832年间,每年外销100余万匹,价值约在白银40万-50万两之谱,足证当时的商品流向与鸦片战争后迥然不同。为数可观的江南棉布,绝大部分由美、英两国商船尤其美籍商船输出,但其他各国商船的输出量,也不容忽视。南京布输入俄国的历史,远早于欧美,交易数量亦曾二三倍于后者,但其衰也早。西方世界输入南京布的盛衰过程,正与江南棉布销路由盛转衰的过程相一致,充分反映了江南棉布在中西贸易中前后地位的变化。
[Abstract]:Nanjing cloth, which has been famous in western countries since the late Ming Dynasty, originally refers to a kind of cloth made of purple cotton, and later developed into a more common representative cloth in Jiangnan, that is, small cloth. It was widely woven in the Suzong area, known as "Suzong cotton cloth" or "Jiangnan cotton cloth" or more appropriate. Nanjing cloth got its name because of its production from the Ming Dynasty South Zhili belong to Suzhou, Songjiang second House. The age of Nanjing's cloth sales to Europe began in the mid-16th century when Portugal and the Spanish came eastward. During the period of 1786-1832, more than 1 million pieces were exported each year, valued at about 400000-500000 pairs of silver The flow of goods at that time was quite different from that after the Opium War. The vast majority of cotton cloth in the south of the Yangtze River is exported by the United States and the United States, especially by the United States and the United States. However, the export volume of other merchant ships cannot be ignored. Nanjing cloth imported Russia far earlier than Europe and the United States, and the number of transactions was two or three times that of the latter, but its decline was also early. The rise and fall process of the import of Nanjing cloth from the western world is in line with the process that the cotton cloth market in the south of the Yangtze River changes from prosperity to decline, which fully reflects the change of the position of cotton cloth in the trade between China and the West.
【作者单位】：南京大学历史学院;

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