中晚唐五代北宋地权的集中与分散
发布时间：2018-12-14 07:39
【摘要】：唐末五代与北宋时期,有关土地兼并的事例很多,反映当时的土地兼并形势确实很严重。许多学者由此得出结论:“在宋代由于大土地所有制的急剧膨胀,全国百分之六七十以上的耕地已为地主阶级所占有”。我以为这些学者对宋代土地集中程度的估计太高。据五等户版簿测算,唐末五代北宋初地主阶级占有的土地约占全国总耕地面积的45%上下,农民占有的土地约占全国总耕地面积的55%上下。北宋中、后期地主阶级占有的土地下降至35%上下,农民占有的土地上升至65%上下。上述测算结果显示:在我国封建社会,地权的变动并非总是越来越集中,在土地集中的同时,也存在着土地分散的倾向,两者方向相反,在很大程度上起互相抵消作用。地权变动的结果究竟是更趋于集中,还是趋于相对分散,则因时、因地而异,不能一概而论。此期促使土地分散的主要原因,一是土地买卖,二是分家析产,三是政府的招携流散、鼓励垦田、官田私田化政策培植了许多自耕农、半自耕农。
[Abstract]:In the late Tang Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty, there were many cases of land annexation, which reflected the serious situation of land annexation at that time. Many scholars concluded that "in the Song Dynasty, more than 60 percent of the arable land was occupied by the landlord class because of the rapid expansion of land ownership in the Song Dynasty." I think these scholars to the Song Dynasty land concentration degree estimate is too high. According to the Fifth Class Household Book, the land occupied by the landlord class in the late Tang Dynasty and the early Northern Song Dynasty accounted for about 45% of the total cultivated land area in China, and the land occupied by the peasants accounted for about 55% of the total cultivated land area in the whole country. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, the land occupied by the landlord class decreased to about 35%, and the land occupied by the peasants rose to about 65%. The results show that in the feudal society of our country, the change of land rights is not always more and more concentrated, while the land is centralized, there is a tendency of land dispersion, which is opposite in direction and counteracts each other to a great extent. Whether the result of land ownership change tends to be more centralized or relatively dispersed, it varies from time to time and can not be generalized. In this period, the main reasons for the dispersion of land were land sale, separation of family and production, and third, the government's transfer and dispersal, encouraging the cultivation of land, and the policy of turning official land into private fields cultivated many farmers and semi-peasants.
【作者单位】： 厦门大学历史系
【分类号】：K207;
，
本文编号：2378210
[Abstract]:In the late Tang Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty, there were many cases of land annexation, which reflected the serious situation of land annexation at that time. Many scholars concluded that "in the Song Dynasty, more than 60 percent of the arable land was occupied by the landlord class because of the rapid expansion of land ownership in the Song Dynasty." I think these scholars to the Song Dynasty land concentration degree estimate is too high. According to the Fifth Class Household Book, the land occupied by the landlord class in the late Tang Dynasty and the early Northern Song Dynasty accounted for about 45% of the total cultivated land area in China, and the land occupied by the peasants accounted for about 55% of the total cultivated land area in the whole country. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, the land occupied by the landlord class decreased to about 35%, and the land occupied by the peasants rose to about 65%. The results show that in the feudal society of our country, the change of land rights is not always more and more concentrated, while the land is centralized, there is a tendency of land dispersion, which is opposite in direction and counteracts each other to a great extent. Whether the result of land ownership change tends to be more centralized or relatively dispersed, it varies from time to time and can not be generalized. In this period, the main reasons for the dispersion of land were land sale, separation of family and production, and third, the government's transfer and dispersal, encouraging the cultivation of land, and the policy of turning official land into private fields cultivated many farmers and semi-peasants.
【作者单位】： 厦门大学历史系
【分类号】：K207;
，
本文编号：2378210
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