唐宋富人社会流动与资财流向
发布时间：2018-12-26 17:35
【摘要】：唐宋之际,随着均田制的瓦解,土地租佃形式的普及,一个新的社会阶层——富人阶层登上历史舞台。这一时期的独特之处在于政治上贵族政治的终结与皇权政治的加强,皇权成为至高无上的权力,控制社会一切资源,要想求得安全与稳定,必须依附于皇权,进入官僚系统;而这一时期的又一特点就是社会流动性增强,科举制成为选拔官员的最重要手段,不分门第、不分血缘、不分地域的社会各色人等均有机会参加科举考试,考中者可以入仕为官。正是在这样的社会背景下,拥有经济资源的富人,为求得人身财产安全和家族的长远发展,积极将自己的财富投向与科举教育事业紧密相关的领域,办学、购书,并且通过金钱与士人官员发生联系,积极挤入官僚系统,求得庇护。积极入仕之余,富人不忘乡里根基,在家乡积极投身公益事业,赢得地方威望,在皇权掌握生杀予夺的时代,预防有家难奔,有国难投的惨景。 本文分为三个部分进行探究。 第一部分:从唐宋变革视野出发,探究在唐宋之际社会发生巨大变化的背景下,社会出现了一批富人,这些人具有一定的经济实力,然而身份为“民”的富人财产安全毫无保障,只有实现身份转化,才能求得富人家族的长远发展。唐宋之际科举制成为政府选拔人才的主要手段,唐宋社会流动性大大增强,这为富人实现身份转变提供条件,富人积极跻身科举洪流,步入国家官僚系统。 第二部分:着重论述富人上行资财流向。在科举社会的感召下,富人资财涌向购书、办学等领域,其目标直指科举成功,获得士人身份,实现家族地位上流。同时,精明的富人还直接贿赂官家,与宗室联姻,更便捷地实现身份转化。然而,实现身份转化的富人并不能如愿地成为社会的上层势力,因为此时的“士”与魏晋的“士”已无法比拟,在获得一定权益的同时,沦为皇权的附庸。而挤入官僚系统也将富家之财消耗殆尽。 第三部分:着重论述富人固本资财流向。在挤入国家官僚系统中越感孤独的富人看到,只有家乡才是自身安全的归所,于是富人将资财投向乡里社会,通过在家乡的义举,赢得声望,成为地方权威,求得家族稳定。
[Abstract]:During the Tang and Song dynasties, with the disintegration of the average land system and the popularization of the land tenancy form, a new social stratum, the rich class, ascended the stage of history. The uniqueness of this period lies in the end of the political aristocratic politics and the strengthening of the imperial power politics. The imperial power becomes the supreme power and controls all the resources of the society. In order to seek security and stability, it must depend on the imperial power and enter the bureaucratic system. Another characteristic of this period was the increase in social mobility. The imperial examination system became the most important means of selecting officials. People of all walks of life, regardless of blood or region, had the opportunity to take the imperial examinations. Those who are successful in the examination can become officials. It is against this social background that the rich with economic resources, in order to secure their personal property and the long-term development of their families, actively invest their wealth in fields closely related to the imperial examination education, running schools and purchasing books. And through the money and the official contacts, actively crowded into the bureaucracy, seek asylum. In addition to active official, rich people do not forget the roots of the countryside, actively participate in public welfare in their hometown, win local prestige, in the imperial control of life and death of the times, to prevent a family, difficult to cast the tragic scene. This article is divided into three parts to explore. The first part: from the perspective of the transformation of the Tang and Song dynasties, to explore the background of the great changes in the society at the time of the Tang and Song dynasties, the society appeared a group of rich people, these people have a certain economic strength. However, the property security of the rich people is not guaranteed. Only when the identity is transformed, can the long-term development of the rich family be achieved. During the Tang and Song dynasties, the imperial examination system became the main means for the government to select talents, and the social mobility of the Tang and Song dynasties increased greatly, which provided the conditions for the rich to realize the transformation of identity. The rich people actively entered the imperial examination flood stream and stepped into the state bureaucracy system. The second part: discusses the rich person uplink money flow emphatically. Under the inspiration of the imperial examination society, the rich people's wealth flocked to the fields of purchasing books, running schools, etc. Its goal was directed to the success of the imperial examination, the acquisition of the status of the scholars, and the realization of the upper status of the family. At the same time, the shrewd rich also bribed the official family directly, married with the clan, realized the identity transformation more conveniently. However, the rich who realized the transformation of identity could not become the upper class of the society as intended, because the "scholars" at this time could not be compared with the "scholars" of the Wei and Jin dynasties. At the same time, they became the vassals of the imperial power while obtaining certain rights and interests. And crowded into the bureaucratic system will also be used up the wealth of rich families. The third part: focus on the rich solid capital and wealth flow. In the national bureaucracy, the more lonely rich see that only home is their own security home, so the rich put their wealth into the rural society, through the act of justice in their hometown, to win prestige, become local authority, and seek family stability.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K242;K244
本文编号：2392451
[Abstract]:During the Tang and Song dynasties, with the disintegration of the average land system and the popularization of the land tenancy form, a new social stratum, the rich class, ascended the stage of history. The uniqueness of this period lies in the end of the political aristocratic politics and the strengthening of the imperial power politics. The imperial power becomes the supreme power and controls all the resources of the society. In order to seek security and stability, it must depend on the imperial power and enter the bureaucratic system. Another characteristic of this period was the increase in social mobility. The imperial examination system became the most important means of selecting officials. People of all walks of life, regardless of blood or region, had the opportunity to take the imperial examinations. Those who are successful in the examination can become officials. It is against this social background that the rich with economic resources, in order to secure their personal property and the long-term development of their families, actively invest their wealth in fields closely related to the imperial examination education, running schools and purchasing books. And through the money and the official contacts, actively crowded into the bureaucracy, seek asylum. In addition to active official, rich people do not forget the roots of the countryside, actively participate in public welfare in their hometown, win local prestige, in the imperial control of life and death of the times, to prevent a family, difficult to cast the tragic scene. This article is divided into three parts to explore. The first part: from the perspective of the transformation of the Tang and Song dynasties, to explore the background of the great changes in the society at the time of the Tang and Song dynasties, the society appeared a group of rich people, these people have a certain economic strength. However, the property security of the rich people is not guaranteed. Only when the identity is transformed, can the long-term development of the rich family be achieved. During the Tang and Song dynasties, the imperial examination system became the main means for the government to select talents, and the social mobility of the Tang and Song dynasties increased greatly, which provided the conditions for the rich to realize the transformation of identity. The rich people actively entered the imperial examination flood stream and stepped into the state bureaucracy system. The second part: discusses the rich person uplink money flow emphatically. Under the inspiration of the imperial examination society, the rich people's wealth flocked to the fields of purchasing books, running schools, etc. Its goal was directed to the success of the imperial examination, the acquisition of the status of the scholars, and the realization of the upper status of the family. At the same time, the shrewd rich also bribed the official family directly, married with the clan, realized the identity transformation more conveniently. However, the rich who realized the transformation of identity could not become the upper class of the society as intended, because the "scholars" at this time could not be compared with the "scholars" of the Wei and Jin dynasties. At the same time, they became the vassals of the imperial power while obtaining certain rights and interests. And crowded into the bureaucratic system will also be used up the wealth of rich families. The third part: focus on the rich solid capital and wealth flow. In the national bureaucracy, the more lonely rich see that only home is their own security home, so the rich put their wealth into the rural society, through the act of justice in their hometown, to win prestige, become local authority, and seek family stability.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K242;K244
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