清代民国时期热河与冀北地区的永佃制研究

发布时间：2019-01-01 16:08

【摘要】：永佃制是中国在封建社会后期出现的一种租佃制度,这种制度下佃农有权永久性地耕种地主土地。与内地不同,在热河与冀北这一块区域,土地的永佃制又有其特殊性和复杂性。这一带的土地大都属于国有,在相当长的一段时间内,耕地的数量随着开垦而不断增加,并且在这一区域内,同时存在着属于蒙古王公的蒙地和属于满清朝廷的国有旗地。清代民国时期,热河的土地基本上分为两类,一类是蒙古王公占有并管理的蒙地,主要集中在热河的中北部地区；一类是直属大清朝廷由内务府直接管辖的旗地,主要集中在热河的南部地区。而在冀北地区,则基本上都是在大清入关之时,由汉族田地圈占而成的旗地,也是由内务府直接管辖。蒙地和旗地的管理者是不一样的,永佃制的产生、发展情况也是有区别的,土地的地租以及农民负担情况也不尽相同。本文从永佃制的产生发展消失以及地租、农民负担方面对热河与冀北地区的蒙地、旗地分别进行详述,并且从蒙地、旗地两类土地的流转情况,地租以及农民的生活情况做一定的比较,在一定程度上揭示了该区域内土地永佃制的特点。其中,第一章主要详述永佃制的产生发展消失的过程,蒙地和旗地各自作为一节。第二章主要详述永佃制下土地的地租以及农民生活,蒙地和旗地也各自作为一节。第三章则集中对旗地和蒙地的永佃制进行比较,主要在形成发展的过程、地租以及农民生活方面寻找他们的共同点与区别。 “农业、农村、农民”问题在21世纪的中国处于越来越重要的地位,研究中国历史上土地的永佃制,对于当今中国农村土地制度的变革等都具有一定的启发意义。
[Abstract]:The permanent tenancy system is a kind of tenancy system which appeared in the late feudal society in China, under which the tenant farmers have the right to cultivate the landlords' land permanently. Different from the inland, the permanent tenancy system of land has its particularity and complexity in the area of Jehol and northern Hebei. Most of the land in this area belongs to the state. For a long time, the amount of cultivated land has been increasing with the reclamation, and in this area, there are at the same time the Mongolian monarch and the Manchu imperial court's state-owned flag land. During the period of the Republic of China in the Qing Dynasty, the land of the Jehol was basically divided into two categories: one was the Mongolian land occupied and managed by the Mongol princes, mainly concentrated in the central and northern part of the Jehol; One is directly under the Qing dynasty directly under the government of the flag, mainly concentrated in the southern region of the River Jehol. In the north of Hebei province, the flag occupied by the Han nationality was also directly under the jurisdiction of the House of the Interior at the time of the entry of the Great Qing Dynasty. The managers of Mongolian land and flag land are different, the generation and development of permanent tenancy system are different, the land rent and farmers' burden are also different. In this paper, from the generation and development of permanent tenancy system and the disappearance of land rent, farmers' burden on the Mongolian land and flag land in the north of Hebei Province, respectively, and from the two types of land circulation situation, The comparison of land rent and farmers' living conditions reveals to some extent the characteristics of permanent tenancy of land in this area. Among them, the first chapter mainly elaborates the generation and development of permanent tenancy system, Mongolia and flag as a section. The second chapter mainly elaborates the land rent and farmers' life under the permanent tenancy system, and the masked land and the flag land are also used as a section. The third chapter focuses on the flag land and the permanent tenancy system, mainly in the process of formation and development, land rent and farmers' life to find their common ground and difference. The problem of "Agriculture, Countryside and Peasant" is becoming more and more important in China in the 21st century. The study of permanent tenancy of land in Chinese history has certain enlightening significance for the reform of rural land system in China.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K249

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