“殷周革命”中女性贵族等级身份的变迁

发布时间：2019-07-01 09:26

【摘要】：女性贵族的社会身份在殷周王朝变更中发生了巨大的变化。早期阶级社会的殷商时期,女性特别是上层女性贵族仍然拥有母系氏族社会的余威。周王朝建立后,随着社会生产力的发展,生产方式的转变,女性原有的社会地位逐渐衰落,特别是西周中期后伴随周礼的逐步完善,女性贵族的社会身份与地位已和男性贵族间产生了等级差异。女性在政治社会中的一切权力均被剥夺,表现在墓葬考古发掘资料上就是女性贵族已彻底失去了部分青铜礼器的使用权,这也意味着女性贵族失去"礼"方面的权力,高等级贵族女性只有使用一些特殊的非礼器器物来显示其特殊的地位和财富。祭祀礼中女性祖先从属于男性祖先,也已经失去了殷商时期所拥有的独立身份与较高的祭祀规格。女性社会等级与身份在殷周革命中的这一变迁深刻地影响着后世中国。
[Abstract]:The social identity of female aristocrats changed greatly in the Yin and Zhou dynasties. During the Yin and Shang dynasties in the early class society, women, especially the upper female aristocrats, still had the residual power of the patriarchal clan society. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, with the development of social productive forces and the change of mode of production, the original social status of women gradually declined, especially after the middle Western Zhou Dynasty, with the gradual improvement of Zhou Li, the social identity and status of female aristocrats and male aristocrats had a hierarchical difference. All the power of women in the political society is deprived, which is manifested in the archaeological excavations of tombs, that is, the female aristocrats have completely lost the right to use some bronze ritual objects, which also means that the female aristocrats have lost the power of "propriety". Higher aristocratic women can only use some special indecent ware utensils to show their special status and wealth. In the sacrifice ceremony, the female ancestors belonged to the male ancestors, and also lost the independent identity and higher sacrifice specifications they had in the Yin and Shang dynasties. This change of female social grade and identity in the Yin and Zhou dynasties had a profound impact on later China.
【作者单位】：兰州大学历史系;河南文物考古研究院;
【分类号】：K221

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