明留都南京宫廷典制研究

发布时间：2019-07-06 18:11

【摘要】：1421年，明成祖迁都北京，旧都南京成为留都，健全的中央官署建置、洪武时期国家祭祀坛庙与孝陵的存在、皇城内府的继续运作使留都不同于先代的陪都。过去，明代宫廷典制史研究以首都为主线的转移使得留都的宫廷典制史研究成为明史研究中的白页。本文对1421年—1644年的南京宫廷典制进行较为系统的论述。迁都之后，明代诸帝之中仅有宣宗曾以皇太子身份居守南京，武宗则是唯一亲至南京的皇帝，这是一个没有皇帝的宫廷。留都宫廷事务的管理处于守备体制与五府六部结合的留都管理体制之下，南京守备、礼部、兵部、工部、光禄寺、太常寺、鸿胪寺等衙门皆参与留都宫廷管理。南京守备诸官是南京留守体制核心，外守备职掌涉及宫廷防护、祭祀等诸项事务，内守备直接管理南京内府。礼部、光禄寺、太常寺、鸿胪寺各行其职，管理留都的各项祭祀活动；守备厅、工部、光禄寺、太常寺或为南京内府生产提供原料，或为北京提供贡物以满足北京部分祭品及上供的需要。留都内府衙门则使宫廷基本成为一个官营手工业的基地，备办贡物成为其的主要任务。南京自迁都以后，祀典虽或存或废，但两京完整的祭祀体系存在潜在冲突，正德时期便发生了两京制下的郊祀之争。嘉靖时期的礼制改革是留都祀典演变的分水岭，世宗归并两京国家祭祀体制的举措，基本解决了这一矛盾。南京祭祀体制由迁都之前的完整祭祀体制转变为凸显孝陵、奉先殿家族祭祀的体制。南京宫室自迁都之后，仅在洪宣之时以“还都”为由进行了一次大规模修缮，，之后仅是有原则对保持功能的宫室进行修缮，基本原则在万历时期确定，余下宫殿大都任其废弃。
文内图片：

图片说明：《洪武京城图志》皇城图1潘谷西主编的《中国古代建筑史》一书中附有《明南京宫城皇城复原图》，
[Abstract]:In 1421, the Ming dynasty moved to Beijing, the old capital Nanjing became the capital of the city, the sound central government office built, the existence of the national altar temple and Xiaoling during the Hongwu period, the continued operation of the palace in the imperial city made the stay different from the capital of the previous generations. In the past, the study of the history of court system in Ming Dynasty took the capital as the main line, which made the study of the history of court system in the capital become the white page in the study of Ming history. This paper makes a systematic discussion on the court system of Nanjing from 1421 to 1644. After the relocation of the capital, only Xuanzong lived in Nanjing as Crown Prince, and Wuzong was the only emperor who was close to Nanjing, which was a court without an emperor. The management of the court affairs in the capital is under the management system of the security system and the six departments of the five prefectures. Nanjing guard, ritual department, military department, engineering department, Guanglu Temple, Taichang Temple, Honglu Temple and other Yamen are all involved in the management of the court in the capital. Nanjing security officials are the core of Nanjing's left-behind system. The external guard is involved in court protection, sacrifice and other matters, and internal security directly manages the Nanjing inner government. The Ministry of propriety, Guanglu Temple, Taichang Temple and Honglu Temple go their own way to manage the sacrifice activities in the capital; the guard hall, the Ministry of Industry, Guanglu Temple and Taichang Temple either provide raw materials for the production of Nanjing Neifu, or provide tributes for Beijing to meet the needs of some sacrifices and confessions in Beijing. Yuudu Yamen made the court basically become a base of official handicraft industry, and preparing tributes became its main task. After Nanjing moved to the capital, although the ritual was preserved or abandoned, there was a potential conflict between the complete sacrifice systems of the two cities, and there was a dispute between the suburbs under the two Beijing systems during the Zhengde period. The reform of ritual system in Jiajing period was a watershed in the evolution of the ritual ceremony in liudu. This contradiction was basically solved by the merger of Shizong with the sacrifice system of the two Beijing countries. Nanjing sacrifice system changed from the complete sacrifice system before moving to the capital to highlight the filial piety mausoleum and worship the temple family sacrifice system. After the Nanjing palace moved to the capital, only a large-scale renovation was carried out on the grounds of "Huandu" at the time of Hong Xuan, and then only the functional palace was repaired with principles. The basic principles were determined during the Wanli period, and most of the remaining palaces were abandoned.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D691;K248

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