混合政体理念研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 12:00

本文关键词：混合政体理念研究　出处：《湖南大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：混合政体理念源远流长,是西方政治法律思想传统之重要组成部分。传统混合政体理念主张集君主制、贵族制、民主制三者之优势的混合政体,是既能维系政治决断力又可防止权力蜕变的优良政体模式。古代混合政体理念在罗马帝国时期得到了经典的体现。该理念在当代西方的版本是分权与制衡理论,最为充分的体现是美国的联邦制,但三权分立的混合政体模式仅是混合政体理念表现形式之一,还可以体现为英国模式、法国模式等,反映出了政体多元化的特征。随着社会环境的变迁,西方自由民主主义制度所固有的僵化性和内耗性特征日益凸显,表现为权力制衡有余,国家能力不足。福山新近提出的“良治社会三要素”论,强调了国家能力的重要性,是在反思该主流西方理论在现实中的不足之基础上对传统混合政体论的复归和发展。所以,一脉相承的西方混合政体思潮的亮点并非仅仅限于分权与制衡,同时也确认了资源整合力和政令执行力于国家有效治理的重要性。可以说,混合政体理念昭示着政治文明良性发展之路。混合政体理念作为一种思想要素在中国历史上亦有所体现,并非西方政治法治文明的专属,其精华亦可应用于当下中国政制结构之优化,从而推动法治建设的进程。这即为研究混合政体理念的现实意义所在。中国当代政制实质上已初步形成以党的领导权为核心,立法、司法、行政相互制约的“三面棱形”混合政体结构,展现出强政府有余、民主法治建设有待加强的特征。抛开意识形态的偏见,摒弃教条主义的固化思维,中国全面推进依法治国的背景之下,立足于中国具体国情,有选择的汲取混合政体理念之精华,以依法执政为核心,对执政党的领导权进行合理规制,从党领导立法、保障执法、支持司法、主动守法等四个维度进行运行机制上的理性建构,将中国当下政制从整体上纳入法治化的发展轨迹,有益于实现国家能力、法治、民主问责三要素并存的优良政体结构,构筑中国特色的法治文明体系,同时为世界政治文明多样化的探索创立新例。
[Abstract]:The concept of mixed regime has a long history, and it is an important part of the western political and legal ideological tradition. The concept of traditional mixed regime advocates that the mixed regime with three advantages of monarchy, aristocracy and democracy is a good polity mode that can maintain political decision and prevent power transformation. The idea of the ancient mixed regime was embodied in the period of the Rome empire. Version of the concept in the contemporary west is the decentralization and balance theory, most fully embodies the American federal system, but the mixed regime pattern of separation of the three powers is only one of the mixed regime can also reflect the concept of form, as the British model, the French model, reflects the characteristics of diversification regime. With the vicissitude of social environment, the characteristics of rigidities and internal friction of the western liberal democracy system are increasingly prominent. They are characterized by the balance of power and the lack of state capacity. Fukuyama recently put forward the "three elements of good governance society" theory, emphasizing the importance of national capacity. It is reflecting on the shortcomings of the mainstream Western Theory in reality, and returning to the traditional mixed regime theory. Therefore, the highlights of the western mixed regime trend are not limited to decentralization and checks and balances, but also confirm the importance of resource integration and decree enforcement in the effective governance of the state. It can be said that the idea of a mixed regime is a clear way for the benign development of political civilization. As an ideological element, the concept of mixed regime is also reflected in Chinese history. It is not exclusive to western politics and rule of law. Its essence can also be applied to the optimization of contemporary Chinese political structure, thus promoting the process of rule by law. This is the practical significance of the study of the concept of the mixed regime. Chinese contemporary constitutional essence has been initially formed in the party's leadership as the core, the legislative, judicial and administrative restriction "three prismatic" mixed polity, show a strong government, more democratic and legal construction to strengthen the characteristic. Put aside ideological prejudices, thinking discard dogmatism, China comprehensively promote the rule of law under the background of Chinese, based on the specific conditions, choose to learn the essence of the concept of mixed regime, the ruling by law as the core, reasonable regulation of the ruling party's leadership, the leadership of the party from the protection of legislation, law enforcement, support four dimensions justice, active law-abiding rational construction of operating mechanism, the current political China from the whole into the development track of the rule of law, beneficial to the good government structure to achieve national capacity and the rule of law, democratic accountability and the three elements of the civilization of the rule of law system construction Chinese characteristics, at the same time to explore the world political civilization diverse creation new cases.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D09

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