先秦政治思想史上的道义与功利之争

发布时间：2018-02-12 02:12

本文关键词： 先秦政治思想史道义功利儒法之争儒法互补宗法　出处：《文史哲》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：先秦政治思想领域一直存在着重道义和重功利两种思想的对立。这种对立,在商代表现为商王朝崇尚严刑峻法和周邦倡导明德慎罚的不同,在西周表现为鲁国"亲亲上恩"和齐国"尊贤上功"的不同,在春秋表现为"道之以德,齐之以礼"和"道之以政,齐之以刑"的不同,在战国则集中表现为推崇礼治的儒家和推崇法治的法家之间的激烈交锋。两派思想的对峙与冲突不但贯穿了先秦政治思想史的始终,还从根本上决定了当时政治思想的局面和进程。两派政治思想对立关系的形成,与中国早期国家的特殊形态即宗族国家形态密切相关。宗族组织与国家机器的紧密结合,家族伦理与政治伦理的高度一致,首先促生了代表宗族势力、富于宗法与亲情气息、带有浓厚中国文化特色的道义派政治思想,而作为代表国家势力的一端,注重政治与法规建设、看重行政效率和国家实力的功利派政治思想也相伴而生。道义与功利之争在中国古代政治思想领域反复出现并产生广泛深刻的影响,这是中国古代家族组织、家族文化和宗法意识特别发达的社会政治现实必然导致的结果。
[Abstract]:In the political and ideological field of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, there has always been the opposition of two kinds of thoughts, one of which is the emphasis on morality and the other on utilitarianism. In the Shang Dynasty, the opposition was the difference between the Shang Dynasty in advocating severe punishment and Zhou Bang's advocating the prudent punishment. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were differences between Lu's "kiss for grace" and Qi's "respect for the meritorious deeds". In the Spring and Autumn period, there were differences between "Taoism with virtue, Qi with courtesy" and "Taoism with politics and Qi with punishment". In the warring States period, there was a fierce confrontation between the Confucianists who respected the rule of etiquette and the legalists who respected the rule of law. The confrontation and conflict of the two schools of thought not only ran through the history of political thought in the pre-Qin period, It also fundamentally determined the situation and process of political ideology at that time. The formation of the antagonistic relationship between the two schools of political thought was closely related to the special form of China's early state, namely, the form of the patriarchal state, and the close integration of clan organizations with the state machinery. Family ethics and political ethics are highly consistent. First of all, they promote the emergence of representative clan forces, rich in patriarchal and kinship atmosphere, with strong Chinese cultural characteristics of the moral school political thought, and as a representative of the national power at one end. The political thought of utilitarianism, which pays attention to the construction of politics and laws, and the administrative efficiency and the national strength, is accompanied by the political ideology of utilitarianism, and the dispute between morality and utilitarianism has repeatedly appeared in the field of political thought in ancient China and has had a wide and profound impact. This is the inevitable result of the social and political reality of the family organization, clan culture and patriarchal clan consciousness in ancient China.
【作者单位】：山东大学历史文化学院;
【分类号】：D092

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