黄宗羲国家政治体制思想研究

发布时间：2018-02-12 03:35

本文关键词： 限权君主制朴素议会制地方自治基层社会自治　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 黄宗羲的国家政治体制思想主要包括限权君主制思想、朴素议会制与内阁制思想、地方高度自治思想以及基层社会自治的主张,等等。其中,限权君主制与“朴素议会制”是对中古中国皇权至上的否定,地方高度自治论是对传统郡县型政治体制之枷锁的颠覆。在当时社会一片尊君卑臣、中央集权的叫嚣声中,黄宗羲能提出这些思想尤其难能可贵。对黄宗羲国家政治体制思想的研究,目前学界却少有从整体上深入进行者,因此极需全面深入展开。本论文兼跨思想史和政治制度史两个学科领域,笔者拟采用古今中西对比的研究方法,力求在如下几方面有所创获：一、将思想史研究与政治制度史研究有机结合起来,尝试并践行前辈学者所提出的应把二者结合起来进行系统研究的设想；二、在最大限度地掌握《明夷待访录》、《宋元学案》等相关文献资料的基础之上,对黄宗羲中央政治体制思想中的“限权”与“分权”理念进行深入研究,将其带有“议会制”和“内阁制”色彩的主张明确定义为“朴素议会制”和“朴素内阁制”,并作出翔实论证；三、也是在最大限度地掌握诸多相关文献资料的基础之上,深入分析黄宗羲的地方高度自治主张、基层社会自治思想及其在近代社会的引用与试行,重新定位它们在思想史与政治制度史上的地位；四、在考察黄宗羲在中央、地方与社会基层各个层次的相关理念之后,从整体上探讨其政体思想的近代启蒙价值及在未来社会政治体制改革与建设中的重要启迪意义。 “民主”是黄宗羲国家政治体制思想的核心所在。在对此进行研究的基础之上,本论文认为,未来社会的政治体制改革与建设应做到：避免一个人、一个政党、甚至是一个阶层的绝对专政；建立真正体现制约平衡原则的各级权力体系；建设有一定独立性的自治型地方实体政权,增强地方各社会组织的自我生殖能力；创新各级权力机关领导人员的产生方式,实行广泛的民选制度,以加强民意对领导人员的影响力。
[Abstract]:Huang Zongxi's thought of national political system mainly includes the thoughts of limited power monarchy, simple parliamentary system and cabinet system, the thought of local high degree autonomy and the idea of grass-roots social autonomy, and so on. The restricted monarchy and the "simple parliamentary system" are the negation of the supremacy of imperial power in medieval China. The theory of local high autonomy is a subversion of the shackles of the traditional prefectural and county-type political system. Huang Zongxi can put forward these thoughts especially valuable. At present, there are few scholars in academic circles to carry out the research on the national political system thought of Huang Zongxi, so it is extremely necessary to carry out the comprehensive and thorough research. This thesis also crosses the history of thought and the history of political system, the author intends to adopt the research method of the contrast between ancient and modern China and the West, and try to make some achievements in the following aspects: first, combine the study of the history of thought with the study of the history of political system organically. Try and practice the idea that the two should be combined to carry out systematic research, and second, on the basis of grasping to the maximum extent the relevant documents such as "Ming Yi to be interviewed", "Song and Yuan Dynasty Learning case" and so on. This paper makes an in-depth study on the concept of "restriction of power" and "separation of powers" in Huang Zongxi's thoughts on the central political system. The proposition with the color of "parliamentary system" and "cabinet system" is clearly defined as "simple parliamentary system" and "simple cabinet system". Deeply analyzing Huang Zongxi's proposition of high degree of local autonomy, the thought of grass-roots social autonomy and its citation and trial in modern society, repositioning their position in the history of ideology and political system. After the related ideas of local and social grass-roots level, the paper discusses the modern enlightenment value of its political system thought and its important enlightening significance in the reform and construction of social political system in the future. "Democracy" is the core of Huang Zongxi's national political system. On the basis of the research on this, this paper holds that the reform and construction of political system in the future society should be done: avoid a person, a political party, Even the absolute dictatorship of a stratum; the establishment of power system at all levels, which truly embodies the principle of restricting balance; the establishment of autonomous local entity regimes with certain independence, and the enhancement of the self-reproduction ability of local social organizations; To innovate the way of producing leaders of all levels of power organs and to carry out extensive elected system in order to strengthen the influence of public opinion on leaders.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D092

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