李觏政治思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 20:34

  本文选题：中国政治思想　切入点：李觏　出处：《清华大学》2011年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：李觏生活在宋朝“祖宗之制”的弊端完全暴露、朝政内外交困的仁宗时代。他深受范仲淹的影响,主张政治改革。他的理论活动不仅为改革派提供了理论支持,对宋学的兴起也起到了重要的推动作用。宋代以后,儒学的发展以理学为主导。李觏思想的旨趣与理学格格不入,故长久以来声名不彰。即使进入当代,人们仍然未能充分认识和评价李觏对儒学的贡献及其思想的价值。李觏之前的大多数儒家学者,面对严重的社会危机,空谈道德教化,不愿探求富国、强兵之道。李觏毅然打破俗论,倡言功利、王霸之说,呼吁统治阶级勇于变革。为此他深入挖掘儒家经典,寻觅治国良策,提出了自己的政治思想。李觏政治思想的哲学基础是唯物主义天道观和人性三品五类说,核心是礼论。李觏以礼囊括、整合了儒家伦理道德体系,作为重建社会秩序的标准,并据之考察当时政治体制的弊端,提出了一套充满功利精神的改革理论。笔者认为,李觏于千载之后遥承荀子的理路,重建了儒家功利主义传统,这是他对儒学最主要的贡献。李觏较早地抛弃了汉唐诸儒的章句训诂之学,改以“议论解经”的方式从事经学研究。他对儒家经典《孟子》采取的批判态度,是宋代儒家“疑经”思潮的一个重要案例。李觏也是宋儒排佛的代表人物。他主张对佛教不仅要从外部进行批判,更重要的是加强儒家自身的理论建设。这是儒家排佛策略的重要转向,他的政治思想体系也可以看作是强化儒学理论建设的一个努力。宋代以后,儒家功利学派长期处于边缘化的境遇。今天我们应以更为宽广的理论视野来认识儒学,这样才能客观地评价儒学及其思想人物。此外,对于当代中国特色社会主义的发展创新,李觏的思想也有着重要的启示意义,值得我们深入研究与借鉴。
[Abstract]:Li Gou lived in the "ancestral system" of the Song Dynasty, and fully exposed the drawbacks of the "ancestral system". He was deeply influenced by Fan Zhongyan and advocated political reform. His theoretical activities not only provided theoretical support for the reformists, The development of Confucianism was dominated by Neo-Confucianism after the Song Dynasty. The purport of Li Gou's thought was incompatible with Neo-Confucianism, so it had long been infamous. People still failed to fully understand and evaluate Li Gou's contribution to Confucianism and the value of his ideas.Most of the Confucian scholars before Li Gou faced a serious social crisis, talked about moral enlightenment, and did not want to explore rich countries. Li Gou resolutely broke the popular theory, advocated utilitarianism, and called on the ruling class to be brave to change. For this reason, Li Gou dug deeply into the Confucian classics and looked for a good strategy for governing the country. Li Gou put forward his own political thought. Li Gou's political thought was based on the three categories of materialism and humanity, the core of which was ritual theory. Li Gou integrated the Confucian ethical and moral system as the standard of rebuilding social order. According to the review of the shortcomings of the political system at that time, the author put forward a set of reform theory full of utilitarian spirit. This was his most important contribution to Confucianism. Li Gou had earlier abandoned the study of exegesis of Zhang and sentence of the Confucianism of the Han and Tang dynasties, and instead engaged in the study of Confucian classics in the way of "discussing and interpreting the Classics." he took a critical attitude toward the Confucian classic Mencius. Li Gou is also the representative figure of Confucianism in Song Dynasty. He advocates that Buddhism should not only be criticized from the outside. What is more important is to strengthen the theoretical construction of Confucianism itself. This is an important turn of Confucian anti-Buddhism strategy. His political and ideological system can also be regarded as an effort to strengthen the construction of Confucian theory. After the Song Dynasty, The utilitarian school of Confucianism has been in the situation of marginalization for a long time. Today, we should recognize Confucianism from a broader theoretical perspective, so that we can objectively evaluate Confucianism and its ideological figures. In addition, for the development and innovation of contemporary socialism with Chinese characteristics, Li Gou's thought also has the important enlightenment significance, is worth our thorough research and uses for reference.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D092
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本文编号：1594964