传统民本思想与现代民主思想比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 23:27

本文选题：民本　切入点：民主　出处：《青岛大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 任何国家的政治发展都不能脱离其文化传统,传统民本思想作为我国传统政治思想的重要组成部分,对我国的现代民主建设有重大的借鉴意义。传统民本思想主张“民为邦本”,认为民众是国家的根本,要求统治者要“为民做主”,在施政过程中要做到贵民、爱民、顺民、信民、富民,不要无视百姓,官逼民反。传统民本思想作为我国传统政治文化重要组成部分,在古代社会发挥了重大作用,但是从根本上说它只是维护封建统治的一种工具,消极作用也不可忽略。因此在建设现代民主社会过程中,不得不面对是对其继承发展还是摒弃的问题。要解决这一问题,必须真正弄清传统民本思想的实质内涵,追溯其发展的历程,并将“为民做主”与现代民主思想的“以民为本”进行比较,区分他们在民本的主体、“民”的本质含义、民本与民主的社会背景及其与统治者之间的关系、二者的社会作用等方面的本质差别,同时寻找二者在对待民众力量的态度、道德约束以及对统治者权利的限制等方面的共通之处。另外,面对现代民主建设过程中出现的经济增长与民主政治建设不协调等政治社会问题,必须明确“民”与“人”的之间区别,充分认识传统民本思想的“以民为本”与科学发展观的“以人为本”的关系,借鉴传统民本思想的有益部分,去其糟粕。结合时代背景,“以人为本”的科学发展观在继承了传统民本思想精华的基础上,吸收了现代民主思想的优秀成果,承认人民是历史主体,应该享有广泛的政治参与、在社会治理方面,遵循以法律规范为主,道德约束相辅的原则、在执政理念上,由官为民做主变为官为民服务、施政过程中,由“藏富于民”转变为关注民生以实现了传统民本思想的现代发展,完成民主思想的本土化。
[Abstract]:The political development of any country cannot be divorced from its cultural tradition. The traditional people-oriented thought is an important part of the traditional political thought of our country. It is of great significance for reference to the construction of modern democracy in our country. The traditional people-oriented thought advocates that "the people are the foundation of the state" and holds that the people are the foundation of the country, and requires the rulers to "make decisions for the people" and to be expensive, loving, obedient and trusting the people in the process of administration. As an important part of our traditional political culture, it has played a major role in ancient society, but fundamentally speaking, it is only a tool to maintain feudal rule. Therefore, in the process of building a modern democratic society, we have to face the problem of whether to inherit and develop it or to abandon it. To solve this problem, we must really understand the essence of the traditional people-oriented thought. Tracing back the course of its development, and comparing the "making the people for the people" with the "people-oriented" of modern democratic thought, distinguishing them from the subject of the people, the essential meaning of the "people", the social background between the people and democracy and the relationship between them and the rulers. At the same time, the author tries to find the common ground between them in the attitude to the power of the people, the moral restriction and the restriction on the ruler's right and so on. In addition, in the face of the political and social problems such as the disharmony between economic growth and democratic and political construction in the course of modern democratic construction, the distinction between "people" and "people" must be clearly defined. Fully understand the relationship between "people-oriented" of traditional people-oriented thought and "people-oriented" of scientific development view, and learn from the beneficial part of traditional people-oriented thought, Combining with the background of the times, the scientific development concept of "people-oriented", on the basis of inheriting the essence of the traditional people-oriented thought, absorbs the excellent achievements of modern democratic thought, and recognizes that the people are the historical subject and should enjoy extensive political participation. In the aspect of social governance, following the principle of taking the legal norm as the main principle and supplemented by the moral constraints, in the ruling concept, from the government to the people to the official service for the people, in the process of administration, From "storing wealth to the people" to paying attention to the people's livelihood, realized the modern development of the traditional people-oriented thought and finished the localization of the democratic thought.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D092

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