学生政治及其对政治发展的影响

发布时间：2018-04-05 10:19

本文选题：青年　切入点：学生政治　出处：《复旦大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：群体作为现代社会生活的一个重要活动单元,社会的群体分化导致了群体政治的出现。群体政治作为公民参与政治生活的一种特殊的形态,正日益在当今的政治学研究领域中展现其价值。围绕学生群体的政治参与研究无疑是一个崭新的也是重要的视角。大学作为青年学生高度聚集的场所,其自身具有亲近政治和疏离政治的双重属性。大学的使命和性质深刻地影响着大学生的参与政治生活的方式。青年学生具有鲜明的特征：他们的同质性极高,年轻、有激情、充满活力、对新鲜事物跃跃欲试,但是缺乏经验且稳定性和耐久性不强；群体成员的联系纽带相对固定,学校在学生群体的交往过程中提供了重要的空间保障和规范；学生群体的成员问通过自我学习和社会学习的方式形成互动,相互之间的行动力强,感染力强。社会历来对这个群体报有引领社会发展的期待,而青年学生也往往有着很强的责任感和使命感,并且容易付诸行动。本文从对二十世纪六十年代西方频繁发生的学生运动的研究入手,运用政治学的框架对六十年代学生运动的历史进行了系统的梳理,探讨引发学生运动的原因,发现青年学生和政治之间有着天然密切的联系。学生政治运动属于学生政治的一种表现形式,当学生群体的利益诉求无法在现行的体制下得到合理地解决时,它往往表现为以一定规模的学生群体自发参与的抗议性的非常态的政治活动,经常有发展为暴力活动的可能性。这些抗争有的指向具体的问题,有的则是对深层次的社会制度安排的全面反对。本文运用赵鼎新提出的“变迁、结构、话语”社会运动理论和政治转型理论来系统分析与探讨学生政治与政治转型之间的相互作用机制。结合推动韩国实现民主转型的韩国学生运动的案例来探讨学生政治与政治转型之间的互动机制。韩国在政治威权主义时期的活跃力量不是工人和农民,活跃的版块是由另一部分公民社会组织所组成的,它不是来自劳动领域,而主要是来自知识与文化领域,其中大学生群体无疑是这个活跃板块中最活跃的部分,他们关心政治,掌握知识和信息,他们有思想、有较强的民主意识,也有一定的影响力。随着高等教育的发展而出现的庞大的学生队伍日益成为一支重要的社会力量,他们首先意识到了权威主义政治体制的合法性危机,进而以行动来付诸抗争。而一旦学生的主张和行动得到其他社会阶层的支持,则将对社会转型产生巨大的作用力。在韩国实现由独裁统治向民主政治转型的过程中,学生群体不是决定性的力量,但却是一支最活跃最重要的力量。最后,面对着学生运动作为一种社会活动的方式必将长期存在并反复出现的情况,探讨学生政治发展的未来并提出相应的应对之道。由于青年群体的政治参与具有显著的矛盾性,热情与冷漠交织、自主与迷茫同在、理性与偏激共存是现阶段大学生政治意识的重要特征。因而今天我们在对大学生政治的引导过程中必须把握好两项关键工作,一是谨防学生群体中的“政治冷淡”倾向；二是致力于营造“学生”与“政治”的良性互动关系。这既兼顾到了对于大学生政治热情的保护,也有利于降低社会转型期发生政治风险的可能性,有利于和谐社会的构建。可以从加强和巩固大学生思想政治教育、提高政治团体整合青年学生的能力、创造丰富的参与机会,提供便捷的参与渠道入手,鼓励大学生支持性的政治参与,预防对抗性参与,最终实现学生与政治的良性互动。
[Abstract]:The group as one of the important activities of modern social life unit, social differentiation led to the emergence of political groups. Political groups as a special form of citizen participation in political life, is increasingly in today's politics show their value in the research field. The research of political participation around the student group is a brand new is an important perspective.
As a highly concentrated place for young students, university itself has dual attributes of being close to politics and alienating politics. The mission and nature of universities profoundly affect the way students participate in political life.
Young students with distinctive characteristics: high homogeneity of their young, passionate, energetic, eager for new things, but the lack of experience and stability and durability is not strong; the link group is relatively fixed, the school in the student group interaction process provides important space security and standardization; members of the students the group asked by self learning and social learning in the form of interaction, mutual action between the strong, strong infection. Society has always been leading social development expectations for this group, and the young students also tend to have a strong sense of responsibility and mission, and easy to put into action.
This paper from the 1960s Western frequent student movement with the use of historical framework of political science of the 60s student movement systematically, to explore the causes of the student movement, was found between students and youth politics has a natural close contact. A form of students' political movement belongs to political interests of students. When the demands of students under the current system can not be reasonably solved, it is to a certain scale of the students voluntarily participate in the protest of the very state of political activities, often have the potential for the development of violence. The struggle of some point to specific problems, some is to oppose all social system arrange deep.
Based on the change of structure, proposed by Zhao Dingxin, the theory of discourse "theory of social movement and political transition and to explore the mechanism of interaction between student politics and political transition analysis system. Combined with promoting South Korea to achieve the democratic transformation of South Korean student movement cases to explore mechanism of interaction between student politics and political transformation. South Korea in active power politics the authoritarian period is not the workers and peasants, the active area is composed of another part of the civil society organizations, it does not come from the field of labor, but mainly from the intellectual and cultural fields, including college students is undoubtedly the most active part of the active plate, they care about politics, knowledge and information, they have the thought, have strong sense of democracy, but also have a certain influence. And with the development of higher education of the student team becomes more and more huge An important social force, they first realized the legitimacy crisis of authoritarian regime, and to put into action to fight. Once the students' opinions and actions of other social support, will produce huge force of social transformation. In South Korea to achieve the process of transformation from dictatorship to democracy. In the group of students is not the decisive force, but it is the most active force is the most important.
Finally, facing the student movement as a way of social activities will exist for a long time and repeated occurrence of students' political development in the future and put forward the solutions. Because of the political participation of youth groups has significant contradiction, enthusiasm and indifference intertwined, independent and confused with rational and radical coexistence is important the characteristics of College Students' political consciousness at the present stage. So today we are in the process of guiding college students' political must grasp two key work, one is to guard against the student groups in the "political apathy" tendency; two is the benign interaction to create "students" and "politics". This not only to take into account the protection for college students' political enthusiasm, but also help to reduce the possibility of political risk in the period of social transition, is conducive to building a harmonious society. From strengthening and consolidating the ideological Political education, improve the ability of political groups to integrate young students, create rich participation opportunities and provide convenient participation channels, encourage college students' supportive political participation, prevent antagonistic participation, and ultimately achieve a positive interaction between students and politics.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D430;D0

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