罗尔斯社会契约理论与近代社会契约论的比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 09:25

本文选题：社会契约论 + 霍布斯　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：社会契约思想自古希腊出现“萌芽”以来,一直延续至今。近代社会契约论的发展,不仅使社会契约思想有了完整的理论形态,也使社会契约思想得到了极大的推广与普及。但随着功利主义的兴起,社会契约论逐渐淡出了人们的视野。进入二十世纪后,罗尔斯通过自己的努力与对社会契约理论的改造,使社会契约论在当代有了新的理论形态与理论诉求。首先,本文分别阐述了霍布斯、洛克和卢梭的社会契约思想,并对三者进行了分析和比较。随后,本文又对罗尔斯的社会契约理论进行了概述,并将之与前者作以比较。在讨论了近代社会契约论内部差异的基础之上,笔者通过分析和比较,展现了罗尔斯的社会契约理论与近代社会契约论的关系。本文在前言中,主要介绍了社会契约论的发展历程和罗尔斯社会契约理论产生的背景,以及国内外对相关问题的研究现状。在第一章中,本文从分析霍布斯、洛克和卢梭的社会契约思想入手,以求对近代社会契约论有一个比较清晰的认识,并找到三者之间的理论联系和差异。在第二章中,本文分别从理论背景、理论内容及其受到的质疑与辩护这三个方面,对罗尔斯的社会契约理论进行了阐述。在对霍布斯、洛克、卢梭以及罗尔斯的社会契约思想都有了一个比较详尽的认识之后,罗尔斯的社会契约理论与近代社会契约论的比较就会变得更加容易,比较的结果也会更加清晰。本文第三章主要展现了两个部分,其一是罗尔斯社会契约理论与近代社会契约论的主要差异所在；另一是罗尔斯与近代社会契约论的联系。本文的核心观点集中展现在结语部分,是对全文的总结。笔者认为：1.罗尔斯的社会契约理论与近代社会契约论相比,两者之间的理论差异是十分显著的,且罗尔斯对前者的改造十分巨大；2.罗尔斯对近代社会契约论思想的继承主要来自于卢梭,而非霍布斯或洛克；3.罗尔斯在西方传统契约精神的影响之下,仅仅使用了社会契约论的框架作为他的理论模型,对社会契约论进行了进一步地抽象化改造,使得社会契约理论有了新的形式与内容。
[Abstract]:The social contract thought in ancient Greece "bud", continues today. The development of modern social contract theory, not only the idea of a social contract with complete theoretical form, but also the social contract thought has been spread greatly. But with the rise of utilitarianism and social contract theory gradually fade out of people's vision into. After twentieth Century, through their own efforts and the transformation of the social contract theory of Rawls, the theory of social contract in contemporary theory form and new theory demands.
First, this paper describes Hobbes, Rock and Rousseau's thought of social contract, and the three were analyzed and compared. Then, the social contract theory of Rawls are summarized, and to compare with the former. In the discussion of the differences of modern social contract theory in the above, the author through analysis and comparison, to show the relationship between Rawls's social contract theory and modern social contract theory.
In the preface, this paper mainly introduces the development process of social contract theory and the background of Rawls's social contract theory, as well as the research status of related issues at home and abroad.
In the first chapter, this paper starts from the analysis of Hobbes's, Rock's and Rousseau's social contract thoughts, in order to have a clear understanding of the modern social contract theory and find the theoretical connections and differences between the three.
In the second chapter, this paper expounds Rawls's theory of social contract from three aspects: theoretical background, theoretical content and questioned and defended.
In Hobbes, Rock, Rousseau and Rawls's thought of social contract have a more detailed understanding, will compare Rawls's social contract theory and modern social contract theory more easily, compared the results will be more clear. The third chapter mainly presents two parts, one is the main the difference in Rawls's social contract theory and modern social contract theory; the other is Rawls and modern social contract theory.
The key point of this paper shows at the conclusion part is a summary of the full text. The author thinks that the social contract theory and modern theory of social contract theory of Rawls compared to 1., the difference between the two is very significant, and the transformation of the former great Rawls; 2. Rawls inherited the modern social contract theory mainly from Rousseau, rather than Hobbes or Rock Rawls in 3.; under the influence of western traditional spirit of the contract, only using the framework of social contract theory as its theoretical model, the social contract theory of abstract reform further, the social contract theory is a new form and content.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D091

【参考文献】