科恩社会主义政治哲学论证述评

发布时间：2018-04-17 00:00

本文选题：科恩 + 社会主义　；参考：《中共北京市委党校》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：科恩是分析马克思主义学派的创始人之一和领军人物，被誉为“英语世界中最受尊重的马克思主义者”。科恩的家庭成长环境、政治和学术环境对他的影响，使他形成了坚定的社会主义信仰。而在二十世纪七八十年代，他的社会主义信仰和他坚持的传统的马克思主义理论，受到了西方自由主义的非难和挑战。同时社会主义运动，特别是在苏东解体之后，在西方发达国家受到极大的挫折，，处于低潮。在这种情况下，科恩的研究领域转向了政治哲学，致力于为社会主义政治哲学进行论证。他在1988年出版的《历史、劳工和自由》中，提出了三个问题：即我们要什么样的社会主义？为什么要这种社会主义？怎样实现社会主义？他此后的学术生涯就是致力于解决这三个问题。他通过对传统的马克思主义的社会主义的理论的反思,对诺奇克理论对社会主义的攻击进行了抽丝剥茧的批驳,回应了以诺奇克为代表的右翼自由主义为资本主义不平等公开的辩护。同时他批判了罗尔斯理论主观上尽可能实现社会的最大范围的平等而努力，但在客观上隐含地却是为资本主义的不平等进行辩护。最后科恩提出了社会主义的两个基本原则即平等原则和共享原则,和实现人人平等的社会主义理想路径的设想，即在共同互惠的基础上实行社会主义市场经济，这样一种建立在为满足别人的需要而努力奋斗的社会主义制度。同时加强社会主义良好道德风尚的建设。科恩对传统马克思主义理论的反思，对当代资本主义的批判以及确立的社会主义原则和社会主义理想实现的路径，即科恩对社会主义政治哲学的论证，对当代中国特色社会主义建设大有裨益。
[Abstract]:Cohen is one of the founders and leaders of the Analytical Marxism School and is regarded as the most respected Marxist in the English language world.Cohen's family environment, political and academic influence on him, so that he formed a firm socialist faith.In the 1970s and 1980s, his socialist belief and his traditional Marxist theory were criticized and challenged by western liberalism.At the same time, the socialist movement, especially after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and East, suffered great setbacks in the western developed countries and was at a low tide.In this case, Cohen's research field turned to political philosophy, dedicated to the demonstration of socialist political philosophy.In History, Labor and Freedom, published in 1988, he asked three questions: what kind of socialism do we want?Why this socialism?How to realize socialism?His academic career since then has been devoted to solving these three problems.Through his reflection on the traditional Marxist theory of socialism, he refuted the attack on socialism by Norchick's theory.Right-wing liberalism, represented by Mr Nozick, is a response to the open defence of capitalist inequality.At the same time, he criticizes Rawls' theory and tries to realize as much equality as possible subjectively, but implicitly justifies the inequality of capitalism.Finally, Cohen put forward two basic principles of socialism, namely, the principle of equality and the principle of sharing, and the idea of realizing the ideal path of socialism for everyone to be equal, that is, to implement the socialist market economy on the basis of mutual benefit.Such a socialist system based on efforts to meet the needs of others.At the same time, we should strengthen the construction of good socialist morality.Cohen's reflection on the traditional Marxist theory, his criticism of contemporary capitalism, the established socialist principles and the path to the realization of socialist ideals, namely Cohen's demonstration of socialist political philosophy,It is of great benefit to the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：中共北京市委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D0

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