从市民社会到公共领域—重建普遍利益与个人利益的一致性

发布时间：2018-04-20 21:30

本文选题：市民社会 + 公共领域　；参考：《黑龙江大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在古典市民社会理论中，理论家都是在政治国家的意义上讨论个人利益与普遍利益的一致性。黑格尔将市民社会与政治国家进行二元分离，提出追求个人利益的市民社会必然过渡到以追求普遍利益为目的的国家形式。马克思从批判黑格尔法哲学出发，提出“市民社会决定国家”，揭示了市民社会的异化本质，即由于私有制和分工的存在，导致个人利益与共同利益出现矛盾，只有共产主义才能消灭分工，它是对私有财产的扬弃，是对人的本质的复归，使人占有自己全面的本质，马克思的市民社会理论构成了唯物史观的重要组成部分。20世纪的思想家们则将思路转向公共领域问题研究。通过公共领域，相互冲突的个人利益得以并存，，个人利益与普遍利益得以协调，因此，公共领域可以说是市民社会从自身发展起来的克服自身矛盾的社会力量。沿着这一思路，探讨适合中国自己的市民社会，使各种社会组织能够将其所代表的阶层或集团的利益诉求通过合理协商来实现，以此调和好个人利益与普遍利益的矛盾，有效弥补国家力量的不足，使社会危机有一个缓冲地带，真正促进社会公正的实现。
[Abstract]:In the classical civil society theory, theorists discuss the consistency between individual interests and general interests in the sense of political state. Hegel separated the civil society from the political state, and proposed that the civil society pursuing the individual interests must transition to the state form with the aim of pursuing the universal interests. Starting from criticizing Hegel's philosophy of law, Marx proposed that "civil society determines the state", which reveals the alienation essence of civil society, that is, because of the existence of private ownership and division of labor, there are contradictions between individual interests and common interests. Only communism can eliminate the division of labor. It is the sublation of private property, the restoration of human nature, and the possession of one's own overall essence. Marx's civil society theory formed an important part of historical materialism. Through the public sphere, the conflicting personal interests can coexist, the personal interests and the general interests can be coordinated. Therefore, the public sphere can be said to be the social strength of the civil society from its own development to overcome its own contradictions. Along this line of thinking, we should explore a civil society suitable for China's own, so that various social organizations can realize the interests of the strata or groups they represent through reasonable consultation, so as to reconcile the contradiction between personal interests and general interests. Effectively make up for the shortage of national strength, so that the social crisis has a buffer zone, really promote the realization of social justice.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D091

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