国家与公民：共和主义的视野及其得失

发布时间：2018-04-27 09:02

本文选题：国家 + 公民　；参考：《福建师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：国家和公民作为现代社会主要的政治实践主体,他们之间的关系一直以来都是中西政治思想研究和探讨的一个重要问题。自由主义和国家主义对于这一问题的解答,始终无法摆脱国家权力与公民权利此消彼长的魔咒,使得国家强大和公民自由成为非此即彼的选择。起源于古希腊罗马时期的共和主义理论为解开这个魔咒提供了一把神奇的“钥匙”：共和主义的无支配自由观超越了自由主义的消极自由和国家主义的积极自由之间的抽象对峙,消除了实践中国家与公民之间的背反。一方面,共和主义认为,国家政制与公民自由之间有着不可分割的逻辑联系,只有一个政治上独立的强大国家才能够有效地避免共和国内部陷入派系斗争和在外部被异邦人征服和奴役的危机,从而保障生活其中的公民自由。另一方面,共和主义也认为公民美德和政治参与,不仅有助于公民自身消极自由的实现,同时对强大自由国家的维持也有着重要的意义,从而在理论上实现了国家与公民的和谐。共和主义的国家与公民关系理论利弊兼有,它既在某种程度上超越了消极自由与积极自由的分离与对立,但又无法走出现代性条件下固有的困境。因此,共和主义并没有真正走出自由主义与国家主义的迷茫,建立非政府组织为载体的公民社会,实现由非政府组织来独立从事相关的公共管理,并与相应的政府部门的合作的善治是实现国家权力与公民权利良性互动、和谐相处的一条可能的途径。而对当代中国来说,实现国家与公民和谐关键在于在宪政体制的框架中构建适合中国国情的公民社会。
[Abstract]:As the main political practice subject in modern society, the relationship between state and citizen has always been an important issue in the study and discussion of Chinese and Western political thoughts. The answer of liberalism and nationalism to this question can't get rid of the curse of state power and civil rights, which makes the country strong and civil freedom become the choice of one or the other. The theory of republicanism, which originated in ancient Greece and Rome, provides a magic "key" to unravel the curse: the view of free freedom of republicanism transcends the negative freedom of liberalism and the positive freedom of nationalism. The abstract confrontation between, It eliminates the backside between the state and the citizen in practice. On the one hand, republicanism holds that there is an inseparable logical link between the state's political system and civil liberties. Only a politically independent and powerful State can effectively avoid the crisis of sectarian strife within the Republic and its external subjugation and enslavement, thus guaranteeing civil liberties in life. On the other hand, republicanism also believes that civic virtue and political participation not only contribute to the realization of citizens' own negative freedoms, but also play an important role in maintaining a strong and free country. Thus, the harmony between the state and the citizen is realized theoretically. The theory of republicanism has both advantages and disadvantages. It not only transcends the separation and opposition of negative freedom and positive freedom to some extent, but also can not get out of the inherent predicament under the condition of modernity. Therefore, republicanism has not really gone out of the confusion of liberalism and nationalism, established a civil society with non-governmental organizations as the carrier, and realized the independence of non-governmental organizations in the relevant public administration. And cooperation with the relevant government departments is a possible way to achieve good interaction and harmonious coexistence between state power and civil rights. For contemporary China, the key to realize the harmony between the state and citizens lies in the construction of civil society suitable for China's national conditions in the framework of constitutional system.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D032

【参考文献】