马克思政治哲学及其当代价值

发布时间：2018-04-27 18:32

本文选题：马克思 + 政治哲学　；参考：《中共中央党校》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 本论文由绪言、主体和结语三个部分组成: 绪言介绍选题意义,并对国内外相关研究进行清理,阐明本论文的研究方法及基本思路。主体部分由五章组成:第一章从总体上对“马克思哲学作为一种政治哲学”进行理论阐释与论证;第二章阐明马克思政治哲学产生的切近背景及思想资源;第三章概括马克思在政治哲学研究中的基本方法;第四章重构马克思政治哲学的基本内容及其内在逻辑;第五章揭示马克思政治哲学的当代影响及其流变。结语:立足中国现实,揭示马克思政治哲学对建构面向“中国问题”的政治哲学所提供的启示。第一章:作为政治哲学的马克思哲学。政治哲学的兴起为我们重审马克思哲学的本质提供了契机。政治哲学是对人类社会政治现象的哲学反思,它既具现实性又具价值性,它研究的核心问题是权力问题,包括政治权力与经济权力。马克思哲学在其形成过程中,向人们展示了诸多面相,而政治哲学始终贯穿其中。因此,马克思哲学在总体上就是一种政治哲学,它研究的主要问题是经济权力,具体来说就是现代市民社会中的资本统治问题。第二章:马克思政治哲学的产生背景。从总体上揭示马克思政治哲学产生的切近历史背景及其思想资源。从历史背景来看,马克思生活的时代是资本主义取得全面胜利的时代,在这一时代,资本已经作为一种抽象统治力量,操控着人类现代生活的方方面面。马克思所生活的德国处于一种经济相对发展,而政治落后的“时序错误”之中。马克思的政治哲学思考正是从时代问题着手,观照德国现实开始的。从思想资源来说,德国古典哲学、英法古典政治经济学以及空想社会主义都为马克思政治哲学的形成提供了可资借鉴的理论资源。第三章:马克思研究政治哲学的方法。马克思运用唯物史观和唯物辩证法对资本主义的整体结构作了“总体性”分析。在此过程中,阶级分析法是马克思对社会历史现象进行政治解释的基本分析框架,科学考察与价值引导相结合,以及学术研究与现实参与相结合是马克思分析问题的基本原则。第四章:马克思政治哲学的基本内容及其内在逻辑。马克思政治哲学并没有系统完整的叙说在某一文本中,但是这并不能否认马克思没有系统的政治哲学。马克思的政治哲学以批判黑格尔法哲学,重置现代国家与市民社会的辩证法为起点,经过深入的政治经济学研究,确立了自己政治哲学研究的总问题——现代市民社会(资本主义社会)的资本统治,并且在寻找克服资本统治的路径中,确立了自己政治哲学的价值指向——共产主义理想。第五章:马克思政治哲学的影响及其流变。马克思政治哲学本身的产生与演变是发生在特定历史境遇中的,它是面对具体的时代问题而运思的。在他之后,针对资本主义世界中出现的一些变化,后人对他的政治哲学采取了不同的理解和运用。主要包括第二国际内部关于通往社会主义的道路是“革命”还是“改良”的争论;列宁领导俄国人民和中国共产党领导中国人民进行的社会主义革命对马克思政治哲学的部分实践;当代西方马克思主义对现实社会主义和马克思政治哲学的反思、批判、创新。结语:马克思政治哲学与现代化进程中的“中国问题”—建构面向“中国问题”的政治哲学。马克思政治哲学为我们理清现代化进程中的“中国问题”,并建构面向“中国问题”的政治哲学提供了很好的启示:在致思方式上,要探寻影响中国发展的总问题,从而针对影响中国发展的总问题,来创建当代中国的政治哲学;在寻找中国总问题的过程中要综合运用马克思政治哲学的相关理论资源。中国当前所处的时代是一个政治解放尚未彻底完成的时代,是正在由前现代走向现代的时代。影响中国发展的总问题就是政治权力过大的问题,这就是当代中国政治哲学所应面对的问题。这一问题的根源在于传统社会中形成的根深蒂固的“金字塔式”的社会层级结构,解决中国问题,就是要改造金字塔式的社会层级结构,将其转变为由市场经济、公共服务型政府和市民社会所构成的“三维制约”的社会结构。
[Abstract]:This thesis consists of three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion.
The introduction introduces the significance of the topic and clarifies the relevant research at home and abroad, clarifies the research methods and basic ideas of this thesis. The main part is composed of five chapters: the first chapter expounds and argumentation of "Marx's philosophy as a political philosophy" in the first chapter, and the second chapter clarifies the close background and thought of the emergence of Marx's political philosophy. The third chapter summarizes the basic methods of Marx's political philosophy research; the fourth chapter reconstructs the basic content and internal logic of Marx's political philosophy; the fifth chapter reveals the contemporary influence and evolution of Marx's political philosophy. Conclusion: Based on the reality of China, the author reveals that Marx's political philosophy is constructed to the "China problem". The enlightenment provided by political philosophy.
The first chapter is Marx's philosophy as a political philosophy. The rise of political philosophy provides us with an opportunity to retrial the essence of Marx's philosophy. Political philosophy is a philosophical reflection on the social and political phenomena of human society. It is both realistic and valuable, and the core of its research is the issue of power, including political power and economic power. Marx In the course of its formation, philosophy has shown many faces to people, and the political philosophy runs through it all the time. Therefore, Marx's philosophy is a political philosophy in general. The main problem of it is economic power. In particular, it is the problem of the governance of capital in modern civil society.
The second chapter: the background of Marx's political philosophy. It reveals the historical background and ideological resources of Marx's political philosophy in general. From the historical background, the era of Marx's life is the era of full victory of capitalism. In this era, capital has been used as an abstract ruling force and manipulated human beings. In every aspect of life, Marx's life in Germany is in a kind of economic relative development, and the political backwardness of "time series error". Marx's thought of political philosophy is starting from the question of the times, starting with the reality of Germany. From the ideological resources, German classical philosophy, English and French classical political economics, and the utopian society. All of them provide theoretical resources for the formation of Marx's political philosophy.
The third chapter: Marx's method of studying political philosophy. Marx uses materialist conception of history and materialist dialectics to analyze the overall structure of capitalism. In this process, class analysis is the basic frame of Marx's political interpretation of social and historical phenomena, and the combination of scientific investigation and value guidance. The combination of academic research and practical participation is the basic principle of Marx's analysis.
The fourth chapter: the basic content and internal logic of Marx's political philosophy. Marx's political philosophy has no systematic and complete narration in a certain text, but this does not deny that Marx has no systematic political philosophy. Marx's political philosophy is to criticize the Hagel law philosophy and reset the dialectics of the modern state and the civil society. After a thorough study of political economics, it established the general problem of his political philosophy study - the capital rule of modern civil society (capitalist society), and in search of the way to overcome the rule of capital, it established the value point of his political philosophy - the ideal of CO production.
The fifth chapter: the influence and evolution of Marx's political philosophy. The emergence and evolution of Marx's political philosophy itself occurred in a specific historical situation, and it was carried out in the face of the specific problems of the times. After him, in view of some changes in the capitalist world, the latter took a different understanding of his political philosophy and a different understanding of his political philosophy. It mainly includes the debate about the "revolution" or "improvement" on the road to socialism in the second world; Lenin led the Russian people and the Communist Party of China to lead the Chinese people in the socialist revolution of Marx's political philosophy; contemporary western Marx's doctrine to the reality of socialism and Mark Reflection, criticism and innovation in political philosophy.
Conclusion: Marx's political philosophy and the "question of China" in the process of modernization - constructing the political philosophy facing "China problem". Marx's political philosophy provides us with a good inspiration for us to clarify the "China problem" in the process of modernization and to construct the political philosophy facing "the Chinese problem": in the way of thinking, we should explore the shadow. The general problem of China's development is to set up the political philosophy of contemporary China in view of the general problems that influence the development of China. In the process of searching for the general problem of China, the relevant theoretical resources of Marx's political philosophy should be used comprehensively. The general problem that affects the development of China is the problem of too big political power. This is the problem that the contemporary Chinese political philosophy should face. The root of this problem lies in the deep-rooted social hierarchy of "pyramid" in the traditional society, the solution of the Chinese problem, and the transformation of the pyramid type society. The hierarchical structure will transform it into a three-dimensional structure of market economy, public service government and civil society.

【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D0

【引证文献】