墨家“尚贤”观念的贤能政制观意涵

发布时间：2018-05-11 10:43

本文选题：墨家 + 尚贤　；参考：《上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年03期

【摘要】：以往学界主要从人才观的视角解读墨家的"尚贤"观念,将其视为一种"贤人(能)政治"观,但深入分析会发现,其中还包含着丰富的"贤能政制"观意涵,不是单纯在政治治理策略的层面上主张任用贤才,而是从整体上对政治制度设计进行了系统的理论构想。这具体体现为墨家对"尚贤"政体的底线、目标和实现途径三个主要方面的分析,其独特之处在于:以"公义"作为底线要求和先决条件来约束一切政治活动、并规定"贤"的规范性内涵;在此基础之上还明确规定以实现全社会所有人的福祉作为"尚贤"的根本目标;并在具体制度设计层面全面彻底地贯彻以"贤"作为委任包括最高统治者在内的一切为政者的实质标准。墨家"尚贤"观包含的鲜明"贤能政制"意涵使其十分不同于"贤人(能)政治"观。
[Abstract]:In the past, the academic circles interpreted Mohism's concept of "Shang Xian" mainly from the perspective of talent view and regarded it as a kind of "sage (ability) politics" view. However, the in-depth analysis will find that there is also a rich meaning of "virtuous and capable political system". This paper not only advocates the appointment of talented people on the level of political governance strategy, but also makes a systematic theoretical conception on the design of political system as a whole. This is embodied in Mohism's analysis of the bottom line, the goal and the way of realization of the "Shang Xian" polity. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that "justice" is taken as the bottom line requirement and precondition to restrain all political activities. On the basis of the normative connotation of "virtuous", the basic goal of "Shang Xian" is to realize the well-being of all people in the whole society. At the level of specific system design, the "virtuous" is regarded as the essential standard of appointing all the rulers, including the supreme ruler. The concept of "Shang Xian" of Mohist school contains the distinct meaning of "political system of sages and abilities", which makes it very different from the view of "virtuous people (ability) politics".
【作者单位】：上海交通大学人文学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“多元时代的宽容悖论问题研究”(16CZX055)
【分类号】：B224;D092

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