社团对政治参与、政治文化的影响：理论与数据

发布时间：2018-05-12 03:29

本文选题：社团 + 政治参与　；参考：《中国政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 现代意义上的国家与社会日益趋于复杂化与多样性,在世界上存在着民主政体的国家、极权政体的国家或是其他形式政体的国家。在此分类中,民主政体国家的公民自治团体最为多见,有着为解决各种社会问题或是协调机制的社会团体,而且这些团体绝大多数都是公益性质的,这就很好的解决了这些国家在越来越复杂的社会环境之下,政府鞭长莫及的社会管理问题。在这些国家之内,社会团体是社会大众表达利益、政治输入的重要方式和渠道。而在威权或是极权体制下的国家,政府为了最大限度的控制社会,从很多方面对公民自主组织的社会团体进行限制,从而削弱底层社会直接对抗政府的潜在因素,同时政府又因为现代社会日益繁多的社会事务而不得不由政府自己来组织一些公益性的社会团体,缓解压力,减小成本。这样社会团体在不同的政体形态下的国家出现了分野,但同时资料显示,在第二次世界大战以来,社会团体的数量出现了快速的增长,这种增长同时出现在不同政体形式的国家,这就证明,社会团体在全球范围内有着一些基本的发展共性。数据显示社会团体在当代世界范围内出现了繁荣,这个过程伴随着大量现代国家的建立和民主化浪潮实现的,这在第三世界国家最为典型。社会团体在自觉与不自觉中培养了公民政治参与的能力和参与的意识。而且,某个特定国家的社团又是与本国的政治文化相适应,受到本国政治文化的制约,这体现在参与社团的人的认知、情感和评价方面;同时,大量社团的出现也改变着特定国家的政治文化,因为这种结构的出现,会改变成员的行为模式,特别是改造传统政治文化中的等级观念,对于正在向民主化过渡的国家有着积极的意义。
[Abstract]:In the modern sense, countries and societies tend to become more and more complicated and diverse. In the world, there are countries with democracy, totalitarianism or other forms of government. In this classification, civil autonomy groups in democratic countries are the most common, with social groups dealing with various social problems or coordination mechanisms, and the vast majority of which are of a commonweal nature. This is a good solution to these countries in the increasingly complex social environment, the government can not cope with the social management problem. In these countries, social groups are an important way and channel for the public to express their interests and political input. In countries under authoritarian or totalitarian regimes, in order to maximize the control of society, the government restricts social groups organized by citizens in many ways, thus weakening the underlying factors that directly oppose the government. At the same time, the government has to organize some public welfare social groups by itself because of the increasing variety of social affairs in modern society, so as to relieve the pressure and reduce the cost. So social groups are divided in countries with different forms of government, but at the same time data show that the number of social groups has grown rapidly since the second World War. This growth occurs simultaneously in countries with different forms of government, which proves that social groups have some basic developmental commonalities around the world. The data show that social groups are flourishing in the contemporary world. This process is accompanied by the establishment and democratization of a large number of modern countries, which is the most typical in the third world countries. Social groups cultivate the ability and consciousness of citizen's political participation in conscious and unconsciously. Moreover, associations in a given country are adapted to and constrained by the political culture of their own country, which is reflected in the cognitive, emotional and evaluative aspects of the persons participating in the association; at the same time, The emergence of a large number of communities has also changed the political culture of a particular country, because the emergence of such a structure will change the behaviour patterns of its members, especially the idea of hierarchy in traditional political cultures. It is of positive significance to countries in transition to democratization.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D035

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