阿伦特论反犹主义

发布时间：2018-05-14 03:21

本文选题：阿伦特 + 反犹主义　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉娜·阿伦特(1906-1975)是20世纪最具原创性的杰出的女性政治哲学家之一,其专著《极权主义的起源》自问世以来,就引起西方学术界的广泛关注。阿伦特有关反犹主义的沉思是她思想中最独特、最具魅力的内容——极权主义(Totalitarianism)批判分析中的一个主要部分。反犹主义是一种伴随着西方现代文明进程的社会政治现象,其背后隐藏着深刻的社会、历史、政治、经济以及宗教等方面的因素,所以从古代反犹主义到现代反犹主义,学术界都进行了大量的研究。但是,在阿伦特看来,20世纪的反犹主义是一种全新的蹂躏常识的反犹主义,作为极权主义的一部分,实际上,反犹主义不仅仅是一个重要的政治议题,它犹如一面多棱镜,折射出整个现代性的失败。因此,在大屠杀刚刚过去不久,阿伦特以犹太思想家身份反思反犹主义,探讨为什么犹太人会成为纳粹“国家社会主义”清除的对象,而犹太人又为什么会漠然自身的命运。事实上,阿伦特的思想旨趣并不限于对反犹主义的反思与批判,而是以犹太人的独特视角思考现代反犹主义的种种观点,试图说明人本观念以及启蒙观念的缺失造成了“无言”的政治生活,而犹太人的悲惨经历恰恰是启蒙理念破灭的力证。可以说,阿伦特对反犹主义、帝国主义以及极权主义的探讨,在某种意义上是对西方启蒙的现代理念实践困境的反思与批判,并试图为现代人找寻走出现代性困境的康庄大道。为解决现代困境,阿伦特提出了回归古希腊民主制的公共生活,但是,这种路径是否符合现代社会仍值得商榷,因此我们应从阿伦特出发超越阿伦特,事实上,尊重个人权利的宪政民主制依然是防止极权主义和反犹主义的制度性屏障。
[Abstract]:Hannah Arenteau (1906-1975) is one of the most original and outstanding female political philosophers in the 20th century. Her monograph the Origin of totalitarianism has attracted wide attention in western academic circles since its publication. Arendt's contemplation of anti-Semitism is one of the most unique and charming contents of her thoughts-totalitarianism-a major part of critical analysis. Anti-Semitism is a kind of social and political phenomenon accompanied by the process of western modern civilization. There are profound social, historical, political, economic and religious factors behind it, so from ancient anti-Semitism to modern anti-Semitism, A great deal of research has been carried out in academic circles. But as part of totalitarianism, anti-Semitism in the 20th century is, in Arendt's view, a whole new and ravaged common sense of anti-Semitism, in fact, not just an important political issue, it's like a prism. It reflects the failure of modernity as a whole. Therefore, shortly after the Holocaust, Arendt, as a Jewish thinker, reflected on anti-Semitism and explored why Jews were the target of the Nazi "National Socialism" purge, and why Jews were indifferent to their own destiny. In fact, Arendt's ideological purport is not limited to the reflection and criticism of anti-Semitism, but reflects on the various viewpoints of modern anti-Semitism from the unique perspective of the Jews. This paper tries to explain that the lack of humanism and enlightenment resulted in "speechless" political life, and the tragic experience of Jews is the proof of the collapse of enlightenment. It can be said that Arendt's discussion of anti-Semitism imperialism and totalitarianism is in a sense a reflection and criticism of the practical dilemma of western enlightenment modern ideas and attempts to find a way out of modernity for modern people. In order to solve the modern dilemma, Arendt proposed a return to the ancient Greek democratic public life, but whether this path is in line with the modern society is open to question, so we should start from Arendt beyond Arendt, in fact, Constitutional democracy that respects individual rights is still an institutional barrier against totalitarianism and anti-Semitism.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D091.5

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