政治自由的理性反思与实践本质

发布时间：2018-05-14 15:57

本文选题：政治自由 + 马克思主义政治自由　；参考：《南京航空航天大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：政治哲学是对现实政治社会的价值追问和应然性判断,是对现实政治生活正当性与否的学理解析和理性评判,政治哲学为现实政治社会“应当是什么”提供了理论基础与价值导向。本文在政治哲学视域中,完成了对自由、政治自由、自由主义政治自由、马克思主义政治自由的理论探源、内涵剖析、属性界定、价值反思。同时,紧密结合时代发展的新特点、新要求、新趋向,充分挖掘政治自由的社会功能,致力于为处于发展关键期、改革攻坚期与社会矛盾凸显期的当代中国构建一种既严肃又活波、既有序又生动的政治生活面貌。政治自由的重要属性是“社会—个体互构”性。“社会-个体互构”,即作为“人的集合体”的社会与个体的互动、互助、同生共存,摈弃了“社会单构”或“个体单构”。在政治自由的范畴中,社会规范性的充分发挥与个体主体性的充分弘扬平分秋色,缺一不可。“社会—个体互构”既确立了公民的权利,又道明了公民的责任;既确立了社会共同体的义务,也弘扬了社会共同体的主体性;既讲自由,也讲道德与法治;既确认权利,也制衡权力,由此必将大力推进中国政治发展的步伐。马克思主义“共同体—个体互构”范式是在马克思主义的语境中对“社会—个体互构”范式的发展。马克思的政治自由观以其“共同体—个体互构”范式为平台,强调人的“共同体”属性,呼唤人的“主体性”,阐明共同体的有机性,并由此指出实现政治自由归根到底取决于处于共同体中的能动的人。马克思政治自由观的“共同体—个体互构”范式要求我们彰显公民和党员的主体地位;要健全公民政治参与制度;强化公民社会的建设。由此,我们可以得出这样的一个结论,社会主义政治自由是社会主义政治文明建设的重要内容,建设社会主义政治自由务必要在马克思主义指导下,从政治意识、政治制度、政治行为三维入手,培养现代公民意识、完善政治制度建设、推进政治行为建设,为实现人的自由而全面发展创造条件。
[Abstract]:Political philosophy is to inquire and judge the value of the realistic political society, to analyze the legitimacy of the real political life and to judge it rationally. Political philosophy provides the theoretical basis and value guidance for what should be in a realistic political society. In the field of political philosophy, this paper has completed the theoretical exploration, connotation analysis, attribute definition and value reflection on freedom, political freedom of liberalism and political freedom of Marxism. At the same time, closely combining the new characteristics, new requirements and new trends of the development of the times, fully excavating the social functions of political freedom, and devoting themselves to the critical period of development, During the period of reform and social contradiction, contemporary China constructs a kind of political life which is both serious, lively, orderly and vivid. The important attribute of political freedom is the social-individual mutual construction. "Social-individual mutual construction", that is, the interaction between society and individual, mutual aid, coexistence and rejection of "social monomorphism" or "individual monomorphism". In the category of political freedom, the full play of social norms is equal to the full development of individual subjectivity. "Socio-individual interaction" not only establishes the rights of citizens, but also makes clear the responsibilities of citizens; establishes the obligations of social communities and promotes their subjectivity; stresses freedom as well as morality and the rule of law; and recognizes rights, Also checks and balances the power, from this will promote the Chinese political development step vigorously. The paradigm of "community-individual mutual construction" of Marxism is the development of the paradigm of "social-individual mutual construction" in the context of Marxism. Marx's view of political freedom, based on his paradigm of "community-individual mutual construction", emphasizes the attribute of "community", calls for the "subjectivity" of human, and clarifies the organic nature of the community. It is pointed out that the realization of political freedom in the final analysis depends on the active people in the community. The paradigm of "community-individual mutual construction" in Marx's view of political freedom requires us to highlight the main position of citizens and party members, to perfect the system of citizen's political participation, and to strengthen the construction of civil society. From this, we can draw such a conclusion that socialist political freedom is an important part of the construction of socialist political civilization. Under the guidance of Marxism, we must build socialist political freedom from the perspective of political consciousness and political system. Starting with the three dimensions of political behavior, we should cultivate modern civic consciousness, perfect the construction of political system, and promote the construction of political behavior so as to create conditions for the realization of human freedom and all-round development.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D0

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