论以人民为本位的民主及其在中国的实践

发布时间：2018-05-19 14:12

本文选题：人民 + 民主　；参考：《政治学研究》2016年03期

【摘要】：民主的本意就是"人民统治",换言之,就是人民当家作主。人民是个体的集合。人民当家作主,既是个体自由发展的实践,同时也是人民整体掌握国家权力的努力。本来这两者应该统一在一起,但现代化催生的现代民主在西方的发展却割裂了这种统一;因为现代化是以个体自主为历史前提的,由此所决定的西方民主,虽然以人民主权为现代国家的政治前提,但实际建构的民主制度却是以个体自由权利为核心,形成了个体本位的自由主义民主。马克思认为,这种民主是不彻底的,因为这种个体自由是以人与物的分离为前提的,其背后是资本对人的奴役。只有联合起来的人民掌握生产资料,并将整个国家掌握在手中,个体的自由才能真正实现。所以,马克思主张社会主义民主应该是以人民为本位的民主。以人民为本位的民主在中国的探索与实践,创造了中国式的民主,其所具有的兼顾个体自主与人民当家作主的新型特征,将给人类政治文明提供新的民主发展方向。
[Abstract]:Democracy is meant to be "people rule", in other words, the people as masters. The people are a collection of individuals. People as masters are not only the practice of individual free development, but also the efforts of the people to master state power as a whole. The two should have been United together, but the development of modern democracy in the West, which was born out of modernization, severed this unity, for modernization was based on the historical premise of individual autonomy, which determined the Western democracy. Although the people's sovereignty is the political premise of the modern country, the democratic system constructed in practice is based on the individual's free rights and forms an individual-oriented liberal democracy. Marx believed that this kind of democracy is incomplete, because the individual freedom is based on the separation of human beings and objects, and the enslavement of human beings is behind it. Only when the United people control the means of production and hold the whole country in their hands can individual freedom be realized. Therefore, Marx advocated that socialist democracy should be a democracy based on the people. The exploration and practice of people-oriented democracy in China has created a Chinese-style democracy, which has the new characteristics of taking into account the individual autonomy and the people being the master of the country, which will provide a new direction of democratic development for the political civilization of mankind.
【作者单位】：复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院;
【分类号】：D082

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