论影响我国公共政策制定中的主客观因素

发布时间：2018-05-24 00:52

本文选题：公共政策 + 制定　；参考：《东北师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 公共政策制定是政策过程的首要阶段和关键环节,是政策科学研究的核心内容。在公共政策实践中,对影响政策制定的各类要素进行分析,对于提高政策制定的科学化、民主化和法制化有着重要的现实意义。我国的公共政策制定是指党和政府用以规范,引导本国或本地区有关机构团体和个人行动的准则或指南。公共政策不仅是政府推行政治统治的基本工具,也是政府实施社会管理的重要手段,而公共政策制定一般是指针对某个政策问题提出,论证并制定解决方案的整个过程。公共政策是现代社会政治生活中使用得非常广泛的概念之一。公共政策包括两层含义:一是政府对涉及公共利益的事情做出的一种选择行为;二是这种行为是一个从利益整合到利益分配再到对初始的选择进行修正的过程。按照系统论的观点,可以把公共政策看成是一个开放的系统。也就是说,公共政策并不是孤立的,它的制定与执行要受到多种因素的影响。影响政策制定的因素有决策者、决策对象、政策制度,还有与政策的制定有关的工作环境,以及更广阔的如社会、经济、文化、法律等一般环境。综合以上观点,在政策制定中无外乎两种因素在影响着公共政策的制定:主观因素与客观因素。本文将着重从影响我国公共政策制定中的主客观因素的角度去分析二者的区别与联系,以及如何在公共政策制定中去协调二者的关系,以达到政策制定的最佳化。我国的公共政策制定过程中存在诸多问题,解决公共政策制定存在的主要问题,必须实现公共政策制定的科学化、民主化,用法律手段来规范、约束决策行为,提高政策制定主体的素质。此观点主要从政策制定的主观因素方面来考量公共政策制定的得失。在现代社会,由于公共政策的巨大作用和影响,公共政策制定问题引起了广泛的关注。本文以我国公共政策制定过程中存在的主要问题为逻辑起点,以影响我国公共政策制定的主客观因素为论述重点,并在结合分析我国公共政策制定存在问题主要原因的基础上提出了我国公共政策制定过程中破解制约其科学化、民主化的基本路径选择,即以科学发展观为指导,通过创新执政党的执政理念与执政方式,提高公民的科学文化素质尤其是政治素质,规范普通公民和其他利益群体的有序参与公共政策制定的途径,完善行政责任追究机制、建设责任政府,健全公共政策制定的监督机制,大力发展社会主义市场经济,为公民参与奠定物质基础强力推进我国公共政策走向科学化、民主化、法制化。
[Abstract]:Public policy making is the primary stage and key link of policy process and the core content of policy science research. In the practice of public policy, it is of great practical significance to analyze all kinds of factors that affect the formulation of policy, which is of great practical significance to improve the scientific, democratic and legalized policy making. The formulation of public policy in China refers to the guidelines or guidelines used by the Party and the government to regulate and guide the actions of relevant institutions, groups and individuals in our country or region. Public policy is not only the basic tool for the government to carry out political rule, but also the important means for the government to implement social management. Public policy formulation generally refers to the whole process of putting forward, demonstrating and formulating solutions to a policy problem. Public policy is one of the most widely used concepts in modern social and political life. Public policy includes two meanings: one is the government's choice of the matter involving the public interest, the other is that the behavior is a process from the integration of interests to the distribution of interests and then to the revision of the initial choice. According to system theory, public policy can be regarded as an open system. In other words, public policy is not isolated, its formulation and implementation are affected by many factors. The factors that influence the policy making are the decision makers, the decision objects, the policy system, the working environment related to the policy making, and the broader social, economic, cultural, legal and so on. Synthesizing the above views, there are only two factors influencing the formulation of public policy: subjective factor and objective factor. This paper will focus on the analysis of the differences and connections between the two from the perspective of the subjective and objective factors that affect the formulation of public policy in China, and how to coordinate the relationship between the two in the formulation of public policy, in order to achieve the optimal formulation of the policy. There are many problems in the process of public policy making in our country. In order to solve the main problems in public policy making, we must realize the scientific and democratic public policy making, standardize and restrain the decision-making behavior by legal means. Improve the quality of policy makers. This view mainly from the subjective factors of policy-making to consider the gains and losses of public policy-making. In modern society, due to the great role and influence of public policy, the issue of public policy making has attracted wide attention. This paper takes the main problems existing in the process of making public policy as the logical starting point and focuses on the subjective and objective factors that affect the formulation of public policy in China. Based on the analysis of the main reasons for the problems in the formulation of public policy in our country, the paper puts forward the basic path choice, which is guided by the scientific concept of development, which restricts its scientific and democratic development in the process of making public policy in our country. Through innovating the ruling party's ruling idea and ruling way, improving citizen's scientific and cultural quality, especially political quality, standardizing the way that ordinary citizen and other interest groups participate in public policy making orderly, perfecting administrative responsibility investigation mechanism. To construct responsible government, to perfect the supervision mechanism of public policy formulation, to develop socialist market economy vigorously, to lay the material foundation for citizen participation, to push forward the scientific, democratic and legalized public policy of our country.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D035

【引证文献】