马克思人权教育思想研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 03:14

本文选题：马克思 + 人权教育　；参考：《河南科技大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：人权教育是关于人权的启蒙教育、基础教育和普及教育,是营造一个可以让人权的标准、原则和机制得以运行的政治文化环境,培养一种以人权精神和人权内涵为基础的社会生活方式和价值理念。马克思在吸收和批判文艺复兴时期、启蒙运动时期、德国古典哲学时期人权教育思想以及黑格尔人权教育思想的基础上,形成了自己在唯物史观立场上的人权教育思想。对马克思人权教育思想进行研究,有助于丰富马克思主义基本理论的研究,同时对我们正确理解中国特色社会主义人权理论,构建社会主义和谐社会具有重要意义。全文主要由四个部分的内容来构成: 首先,对人权与人权教育的内涵以及马克思人权教育的特征思想进行了探讨。人权是人作为人享有或应该享有的权利,人权教育是关于人权的启蒙教育、基础教育和普及教育;批判性是马克思人权教育思想的主要特征。其次,对马克思人权教育思想的理论渊源进行了梳理。文艺复兴时期人权教育思想强调对人的关注,重视人的基本权利。启蒙运动时期代表人物卢梭的人权教育思想主要是反对违反自然、摧残人性的封建主义教育制度,倡导顺应人的本性和适应身心发展的自然教育;洛克的人权教育思想主要在于强调人的全面发展。德国古典哲学时期的代表人物康德非常重视道德教育,认为教育的价值和意义主要在于人只有通过教育才能成为真正意义上的人。黑格尔的人权教育思想对马克思影响非常大,他认为教育的本质在于实现人的自由,主旨是通过人权教育使人达到主观意志和客观性的统一。再次,对马克思人权教育思想的主要内容进行了概括。在《莱茵报》时期,马克思站在理性主义的立场上对奴役人与压迫人的德国封建专制制度进行了批判,以期唤醒人们的自由意识;在《德法年鉴》时期,马克思站在现实主义的立场上,对启蒙思想家所主张的人权进行了祛魅,以期唤醒人们的无产阶级意识。之后,马克思站在唯物史观的立场上,对自由主义人权的进行了辛辣的批判,强调无产阶级不能被抽象的自由与平等的口号所迷惑,以实现人类解放为己任。最后,阐述了马克思人权教育思想对我们的启示。马克思人权教育思想有助于我们正确理解中国特色社会主义人权理论。另外,构建社会主义和谐社会也必须以马克思人权教育思想为指导,坚持以人为本原则,解决好资本对劳动之间的矛盾以及政治国家的公权力与公民的私权利之间的矛盾。
[Abstract]:Human rights education is an enlightening education on human rights, basic education and universal education. It is a political and cultural environment in which human rights standards, principles and mechanisms can operate. Cultivate a social life style and value concept based on the spirit and connotation of human rights. On the basis of absorbing and criticizing the thought of human rights education in Renaissance, Enlightenment, German classical philosophy and Hegel's human rights education, Marx formed his own human rights education thought on the standpoint of historical materialism. The study of Marx's thought of human rights education is helpful to enrich the study of Marxist basic theory, at the same time, it is of great significance for us to correctly understand the theory of socialist human rights with Chinese characteristics and to build a harmonious socialist society. The full text consists of four parts: Firstly, the connotation of human rights and human rights education and Marx's characteristic thought of human rights education are discussed. Human rights are the rights that human beings enjoy or should enjoy. Human rights education is the enlightenment education, basic education and universal education about human rights, and criticism is the main characteristic of Marx's human rights education thought. Secondly, the theoretical origin of Marx's thought of human rights education is combed. The thought of human rights education during the Renaissance emphasized the concern of human beings and the basic rights of human beings. Rousseau's thought of human rights education during the Enlightenment period was mainly opposed to the feudal education system which violated nature and destroyed human nature, and advocated natural education to conform to human nature and to adapt to the development of body and mind. Locke's thought of human rights education mainly emphasizes the all-round development of human beings. Kant, the representative of German classical philosophy, attaches great importance to moral education, and thinks that the value and significance of education mainly lies in the fact that people can become real people only through education. Hegel's thought of human rights education has a great influence on Marx. He thinks that the essence of education is to realize human freedom, and the purpose is to achieve the unity of subjective will and objectivity through human rights education. Thirdly, the main contents of Marx's thought of human rights education are summarized. In the "Rhine" period, Marx criticized the German feudal autocracy of enslavement and oppression on the standpoint of rationalism, in order to awaken people's consciousness of freedom. From the standpoint of realism, Marx disenchanted the human rights advocated by enlightenment thinkers in order to awaken people's proletarian consciousness. After that, Marx criticized liberalism and human rights from the standpoint of historical materialism, emphasizing that the proletariat should not be confused by the slogan of abstract freedom and equality and take the realization of human liberation as its own responsibility. Finally, it expounds the enlightenment of Marx's thought of human rights education to us. Marx's thought of human rights education helps us to correctly understand the theory of socialist human rights with Chinese characteristics. In addition, the construction of a harmonious socialist society must be guided by Marx's thought of human rights education, adhere to the people-oriented principle, and resolve the contradiction between capital and labor and between the public power of the political state and the private rights of the citizens.
【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：A811;D082

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