桑德尔共同善的政治哲学研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 14:37

本文选题：多元论 + 自我　；参考：《上海师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：共同善的政治思想是桑德尔政治哲学思想的核心，而共同体和公民身份又是共同善政治思想的两个重要概念，本文就是通过这两个概念对桑德尔共同善的政治思想进行论述的。其中，共同体的存在为共同善政治的成立提供了空间；公民身份为共同善政治的成立提供了可能。在桑德尔看来，共同体应是一个构成性意义上的概念，共同体应保障其成员的利益，同时，公民在政治经济生活中也应关注共同体的利益。而公民身份正是联系公民个体和共同体的纽带。现实中的每个人都属于某个共同体，公民也只有具备这种成员资格才能享受共同体的利益和保护。公民在所处的共同体中确立自我的认同并要积极参与共同体的生活以实现自己的价值。桑德尔共同善政治哲学的核心主张是强调道德参与的重要作用，不管是在政治领域、经济领域还是文化领域。这种共同善不是康德的“普遍的必然的善”，也不是亚里士多德的“至善”，而是指人们道德价值中共通的内容，他们可以基于不同的道德理由来认同同样的价值。共同善的政治更多表达的是对公民不同价值观的宽容，对各种道德、宗教等完备性学说的尊重。共同善政治思想的产生是建立在桑德尔对当代西方国家多元论的反思以及对罗尔斯政治自由主义学说的深入理解的基础之上的。特别地，，他对罗尔斯的政治自由主义理论进行了全面而深刻的批判。在批判的过程中，桑德尔才逐步地形成了共同善的政治哲学思想。值得注意的是，两者又不是完全相异的，与其说他们是对立的，不如说他们是相互补充的。
[Abstract]:The political thought of common good is the core of Sandell's political philosophy, and community and citizenship are two important concepts of common good political thought. Among them, the existence of community provides space for the establishment of common good politics, and citizenship provides the possibility for the establishment of common good politics. In Sandel's view, the community should be a constructive concept, the community should protect the interests of its members, at the same time, citizens should also pay attention to the interests of the community in political and economic life. Citizenship is the link between individual citizen and community. In reality, everyone belongs to a community, and citizens can enjoy the benefits and protection of the community only if they possess such membership. Citizens establish self-identity in their community and actively participate in community life in order to realize their own value. The core of Sandell's political philosophy of common good is to emphasize the important role of moral participation, whether in the field of politics, economy or culture. This kind of common good is not Kant's "universal inevitable good" nor Aristotle's "supreme good", but refers to the common content of people's moral values, which they can identify with the same values for different moral reasons. The politics of common good more expresses the tolerance of different values of citizens and the respect of various complete theories such as morality and religion. The emergence of the political thought of common good is based on Sandel's reflection on pluralism in contemporary western countries and his deep understanding of Rawls' theory of political liberalism. In particular, he criticized Rawls's theory of political liberalism comprehensively and profoundly. In the process of criticism, Sandell gradually formed a common good political philosophy. It is worth noting that the two are not entirely different, they are not so much antagonistic as complementary.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D09

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