孙中山与甘地民族主义思想比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 15:38

本文选题：民族主义 + 孙中山　；参考：《华侨大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：民族主义虽产生于西方，却在源流上可以区分为西方民族主义和非西方民族主义。本文选取了孙中山和甘地的民族主义思想作为研究对象，首先分析了西方民族主义和东方民族主义的不同生成逻辑，民族与民族主义、民族国家之间的关系，以此作为孙中山和甘地民族主义思想产生的理论背景。孙中山与甘地都是西方民族主义的模仿者，他们均接受了西方民族主义的基本原则，试图在模仿西欧早期的民族国家的基础上将各自的母国构建为一个西方式样的民族共同体。一方面，为求得民族解放，他们以西方民族主义理想来对本国民族性进行塑造，并致力于建构起现代民族国家；另一方面，他们也对西方民族主义予以抗拒性的自我表述。孙甘二人都区分了本国传统文明和西方文明，并对民族主义的原则做出了修改：在民族主义中融入了道德关怀和集体本位。孙中山与甘地同为20世纪前半叶亚洲民族主义运动领袖，然而其民族主义思想在历史观、民族国家及民族主义斗争的方式上却有着截然不同的反映。孙中山接受了基于东方与西方、落后与先进之分的启蒙历史观的叙述结构；而甘地否认了西方文明对于印度文明的优越性，建立在理性与非理性、先进与落后区分之上启蒙观无法在甘地思想中占据主流，借此甘地摆脱了世界近代史上启蒙主义历史观的话语霸权，，某种程度上是对启蒙主义历史观的一种超越。孙中山孜孜追求建立一个现代化的民族国家，而甘地却梦想恢复古印度传统的村社自治制度。孙中山基于民族斗争的严峻性和复杂性主张走暴力革命的路子，信仰真理和非暴力的甘地在民族解放斗争中始终坚持非暴力的斗争方式。孙中山与甘地的民族主义思想对于正在民族化和已经民族化的国家和地区思考究竟应该以何种原则完成民族建构、如何正确理解民族主义并引导民族主义良性发展，甚至反思民族主义叙事结构的缺陷，都有着重要的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Although nationalism originated in the West, it can be divided into western nationalism and non-western nationalism. This article selects Sun Zhongshan and Gandhi's nationalism thought as the research object, first analyzes the western nationalism and the oriental nationalism different generation logic, the nationality and the nationalism, the nation-state relations. Both Sun Zhongshan and Gandhi were imitators of western nationalism, and they both accepted the basic principles of western nationalism. On the basis of imitating the early nation-states of Western Europe, this paper attempts to build their respective home countries into a western national community. On the one hand, in order to achieve national liberation, they shape their national character with the ideal of western nationalism and devote themselves to the construction of a modern nation-state; on the other hand, they also express themselves with resistance to western nationalism. Both Sun and Gansu distinguished their traditional civilization from that of the West. The principles of nationalism were modified: moral concern and collective standard were incorporated in nationalism. Sun Zhongshan and Gandhi were the leaders of the Asian nationalist movement in the first half of the 20th century, but their nationalism thought was in the view of history. The nation-state and the way of nationalism struggle have different reflection. Sun Zhongshan accepted the narrative structure of the enlightenment historical view based on the east and the west, backward and advanced, while Gandhi denied the superiority of the western civilization to the Indian civilization, which was based on rationality and irrationality. The enlightenment view above the distinction between the advanced and the backward could not occupy the mainstream in Gandhi's thought, so Gandhi got rid of the discourse hegemony of the enlightening historical view in the modern history of the world, and to some extent transcended the enlightening historical view. While Sun Zhongshan pursued the establishment of a modern nation-state, Gandhi dreamed of restoring the traditional village autonomy system in ancient India. Based on the severity and complexity of the national struggle, Sun Zhongshan advocated the path of violent revolution. Mahatma Gandhi, who believes in truth and non-violence, has always insisted on the non-violent struggle in the struggle for national liberation. Sun Zhongshan and Gandhi's nationalist thoughts should reflect on the nationalization and nationalization of countries and regions. On what principles to complete the national construction, How to correctly understand and guide the benign development of nationalism and even reflect on the defects of its narrative structure is of great significance.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D693.0;D093.51

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