梁启超政治思想中的“个人”与“国家”——以“1903年转型”为核心考察对象

发布时间：2018-06-17 23:31

本文选题：梁启超 + 新民说　；参考：《清华法学》2016年03期

【摘要】：梁启超政治思想中的"1903年转型"长期受到学界关注。但现有大部分研究多将关注点置于梁具体政治主张的变化之上,从而相对忽视此次"转型"所暗示的其思想中根本思维方式上的变革。从梁对现代政治中"个人"与"国家"间关系的思考历程出发,来考察此次思想转变,将有助于澄清梁头脑中原本持有的一元论的、连续性的理学世界观在政治现代性的刺激下,是如何为一种分化的现代性精神所取代的。梁在"转型"前所创作的《新民说》系列文章,充分体现出借助个人道德完善以自动实现政治改良这一旧式连续性思维的色彩。而梁在1903年末的所谓"倒向国家主义",实际上是"个人"与"国家"间原有的和谐秩序格局瓦解后的结果。"转型"后的梁启超一方面继续寻求且坚持以儒家修养之学来完善现代国民道德素养的方法,另一方面则积极参与近现代国家建设之诸多制度面向,尤其是宪政面向的讨论之中。在现代中国人应如何面对政治的现代性、儒家思想在现代中国应具有何种地位和尊严等问题上,梁以自己后半生的各种言行,展现出一套真诚、清醒而又值得尊重的解答方案。
[Abstract]:The transformation of 1903 in Liang Qichao's political thought has been paid close attention to for a long time. However, most of the existing studies focus on the change of Liang's specific political views, thus ignoring the fundamental thinking changes in his thoughts implied by this "transformation". From the perspective of Liang's thinking about the relationship between "individual" and "state" in modern politics, it will be helpful to clarify the monism held in Liang's mind. Under the stimulation of political modernity, the continuous philosophical worldview is replaced by a divided spirit of modernity. The series of articles written by Liang before "transformation" fully reflect the color of the old-style continuous thinking of self-realization of political improvement by means of personal moral perfection. Liang's so-called "inverted nationalism" at the end of 1903 was actually the result of the collapse of the original harmonious order between "individual" and "state". " On the one hand, Liang Qichao continues to seek and adhere to the method of perfecting modern national moral literacy by Confucian cultivation, on the other hand, he actively participates in many institutional aspects of modern national construction, especially in the discussion of constitutionalism. On the question of how modern Chinese should face the modernity of politics and what status and dignity Confucianism should have in modern China, Liang displayed a set of sincere, sober and worthy of respect solution with his own words and deeds in the latter half of his life.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学凯原法学院;
【分类号】：D092

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