政体选择的国情依托:康有为共和政体论解读

发布时间：2018-06-19 17:15

本文选题：共和制 + 君主制　；参考：《政治学研究》2017年03期

【摘要】：民国初期,康有为意识到共和政体已成定局,因此,他将共和制与君主制混合而提出并倡导虚君共和制:这一方面延续了其一贯的政体选择立场,另一方面顺应了政治大势,不至于被时代抛弃。这种政体选择,促使康有为申述共和政体与君主政制的互容性,更催促他将共和制放置在国情的框架中来认知和建构。仿英而非袭美,成为他的论说主旨之一。这体现出康有为虚君共和制政体论的苦心孤诣:致力于打通传统政制与现代政体的阻隔,让中国走上一条波澜不惊的政治转型道路。但由于康有为儒家色彩的政治理想主义与现实的区隔太大,儒家旨在矫正政治现实的论说品格鲜明,但却缺乏引导政治现实的能量,因而其政体论无法对当时的政体变迁发生影响。更为根本的问题在于,国情并不是政体选择的唯一根据;当下的政治博弈,才是政体抉择的强大动力。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the Republic of China, Kang Youwei realized that republicanism had become a foregone conclusion, so he mixed the republic with the monarchy and proposed and advocated the virtual monarchy: on the one hand, he continued his consistent position of political choice, on the other hand, he complied with the political trend. Will not be abandoned by the times. The choice of government prompted Kang Youwei to explain the compatibility between the republic and the monarchy, and urged him to put the republic in the framework of national conditions to recognize and construct it. Imitating English rather than attacking beauty became one of his main points. This reflects the painstaking accomplishment of Kang Youwei's theory of virtual monarchical republic system of government: it is committed to break the barrier between traditional political system and modern regime, and to make China embark on a smooth political transition road. However, due to the fact that the political idealism of Kang Youwei Confucian color is too far apart from the reality, the Confucian discourse character aimed at correcting the political reality is clear, but it lacks the energy to guide the political reality. As a result, his polity theory could not influence the regime change at that time. The more fundamental problem is that national conditions are not the only basis for polity choice, and the current political game is the powerful driving force of polity choice.
【作者单位】：清华大学政治学系;
【分类号】：D092

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