全球化背景下对西方传统地缘政治理论的评析与反思

发布时间：2018-06-19 16:12

本文选题：传统地缘政治理论 + 全球化　；参考：《西北师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：地缘政治学作为一门正式的学科应该产生于19世纪末,拉采尔和契伦深受达尔文“适者生存”观点的影响,视空间为国家成败得失的关键因素,地缘政治理论在产生之初就被披上了冲突和对抗的外衣,成为国家对外扩张的理论工具。此后又出现了经典的地缘政治理论:陆权论、海权论、空权论等,这些经典理论无一例外都具有冲突性和对抗性的特质,将陆权、海权、空权等视为国家在领土扩张和对外战争中的决定性因素。传统的地缘政治理论同时还具有另一个理论特点,那就是在重视一种地理因素的同时,排斥其他因素,视某一种因素为国家成败得失的关键。同时,传统地缘政治理论决定论的思维特点对二战后地缘政治理论的发展也产生了影响,使地缘政治理论总是陷入“地理环境决定论”的思维而忽略了影响国际关系的其他因素。此外,地缘政治理论从本质上来说属于国际关系理论中的现实主义学派。传统地缘政治理论在理论假设、权力政治观及世界秩序的构建等几个方面同现实主义是相契合的,二者都将国际体系看作是冲突与竞争的世界图景。 20世纪70年代后兴起的地缘政治理论,摒弃了传统理论中极端的两极对抗思想,冲破了两极体系的束缚,提出了全新的世界权力结构的模式,从全新的视角而不是传统的地理、政治、军事视角去分析地缘政治和地缘战略。但是,新兴的地缘政治理论还是深受传统思维冲突和对抗的权力政治观的影响。政治学说和现实世界中的地缘政治关系有着密切的联系。不同时期有不同地缘政治理论,每一种地缘政治学说都会打上时代的烙印。传统地缘政治学的那种决定论的思维很难反映国际政治的全部现实,特别是在全球化时代显露出其明显的局限性。全球化时代地缘格局的变迁和科学技术的进步,使得人们开始重新审视传统地缘政治理论。本文反思了传统地缘政治理论在全球化时代的局限性,在全球化的背景下传统理论中的对抗性和冲突性以及决定论的思维已经变得过时;但不可否认的是,传统理论中也存在着一些合理的成分,在当今对国家的对外战略的制定依然有着重要的意义,因此对于传统地缘政治理论我们也不能全盘否定,还应该看到其合理的成分。三次科技革命曾经对地缘政治理论的发展产生过重要的影响,在当今科技革命和全球化也正在推动着地缘政治理论不断的向前发展,如何在全球化的背景下研究地缘政治理论,这为21世纪地缘政治理论的发展提出了全新的历史使命。在当今的国际关系理论中,相对于现实主义理论来言,新自由主义和建构主义从全新的角度看待国家之间的冲突和合作,他们的观点也影响着地缘政治理论的发展,促进着地缘政治理论传统思维的改变。在全球化时代,地缘政治理论正朝着一个全新的趋势发展着,本文从研究的视角、研究的主体、研究的理论工具等方面探究了地缘政治理论在全球化时代的发展趋势。
[Abstract]:As a formal discipline , geopolitical theories should be influenced by the views of Darwin ' s " survival of the survival " of Darwinian . As the space is the key factor of national success , the geopolitical theory has become the theoretical tool of the country ' s external expansion . After that , the classical theory of geopolitical theory : land rights theory , sea power theory , air right theory and so on , these classical theories have the characteristics of conflict and resistance , and regard land , sea and airspace as the decisive factor in the country ' s territorial expansion and foreign wars .

At the same time , the traditional geo - political theory has another theoretical characteristic , which is the key to attach importance to a geographical factor , and to exclude other factors . At the same time , the thinking characteristics of the traditional geopolitical theory have influenced the development of the geopolitical theory after World War II .

The geopolitical theory that emerged from the 1970s rejected the extreme two - pole confrontation thought in the traditional theory , broke the shackles of the bipolar system , put forward the new model of the world power structure , analyzed the geopolitical and geo - border strategy from the new perspective instead of the traditional geography , politics and military viewpoint . However , the emerging geopolitical theory is still deeply influenced by the traditional thinking conflict and the power politics view of confrontation .

The political theory is closely related to the geopolitical relationship in the real world . There are different geopolitical theories in different periods , and each geopolitical theory will be branded as an epoch . It is difficult to reflect all the realities of international politics , especially in the era of globalization .

The changes of the geography pattern in the age of globalization and the progress of science and technology have made people begin to re - examine the traditional geo - political theory . This paper reflects the limitations of traditional geo - political theory in the age of globalization , and has become obsolete in the context of globalization .

The three times science and technology revolution has played an important role in the development of geo - political theory . In today ' s international relations theory , new liberalism and constructivist view the conflicts and cooperation between countries in the context of globalization .
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D09

【参考文献】