自由主义中立性研究：辩护与批判
发布时间：2018-08-10 18:25
【摘要】：无论对多元主义做何种解释,多元主义已经成为当代社会的事实。于是,政治哲学的主题不再是“什么是好的生活”,而是转换为“人们应当怎样生活在一起”。政治自由主义者主张权利优先于善,用正义原则约束人们的政治生活。但正义原则必须要经得起自由主义合法性原则的检验,那就是要得到所有通情达理的人们的同意。政治自由主义认为,中立性原则可以通过合法性原则的检验,在制定正义原则时,必须在各种完备性学说之间保持中立,正义原则必须独立于任何完备性学说。虽然政治自由主义者都诉诸中立性学说,但他们对中立性学说的解释不尽相同,本文的任务之一就是要梳理自由主义中立性原则的概念内涵。中立性是什么?它的主体是谁?要在何者之间保持中立?中立性原则的依据是什么?传统上对中立性的论证有什么问题?怀疑论、实验主义、自主性论证的问题出在哪里?中立性原则不是道德上的中立,它以平等尊重为道德基础。本文简要分析了罗尔斯的公平正义理论、拉莫尔对中立性原则的“中立”证成、德沃金的平等理论、阿克曼的中立性学说等。以中立性原则来解决道德冲突的手段,受到了来自各个方面的批评,自由主义内部外部的批评都有,尤其以自由主义至善论者和社群主义者的批评最为猛烈。至善论自由主义把自由主义看作是一种生活方式,国家必须要保证自由主义的各种美德和价值。社群主义则从各个方面,如自由主义的自我观、权利优先于善理论、自由主义的普遍正义原则等方面强烈批判了自由主义中立性。本文也试图分析论述这些反对者的理由,指出中立性原则的缺陷何在。
[Abstract]:Regardless of the interpretation of pluralism, pluralism has become a fact of contemporary society. Hence, the theme of political philosophy is no longer "what is a good life" but "how people should live together." Political liberals advocate that rights take precedence over good and use the principle of justice to restrain people's political life. Political liberalism holds that the principle of neutrality can be tested by the principle of legitimacy, that is, it must stand the test of liberal legitimacy, that is, it must be agreed by all reasonable people. Although political liberals resort to neutrality theory, they have different interpretations of neutrality theory. One of the tasks of this paper is to sort out the conceptual connotation of the principle of liberal neutrality. What is neutrality? Who is its subject? Between whom should it be maintained? The basis of the principle of neutrality is What? What's the problem with the traditional argument of neutrality? What's the problem with skepticism, experimentalism, and autonomy? The principle of neutrality is not moral neutrality, it is based on equal respect. This paper briefly analyzes Rawls'theory of justice, Ramal's proof of neutrality, Dworkin Equity theory, Ackerman's theory of neutrality, etc. The method of resolving moral conflicts with the principle of neutrality has been criticized from all sides, both from inside and outside of liberalism, especially from liberal goodness theorists and communitarians. Communitarianism strongly criticizes the liberal neutrality from various aspects, such as the liberal self-concept, the theory that rights take precedence over good, and the liberal principle of universal justice. What is the defect of sex principle?
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D09
本文编号：2175824
[Abstract]:Regardless of the interpretation of pluralism, pluralism has become a fact of contemporary society. Hence, the theme of political philosophy is no longer "what is a good life" but "how people should live together." Political liberals advocate that rights take precedence over good and use the principle of justice to restrain people's political life. Political liberalism holds that the principle of neutrality can be tested by the principle of legitimacy, that is, it must stand the test of liberal legitimacy, that is, it must be agreed by all reasonable people. Although political liberals resort to neutrality theory, they have different interpretations of neutrality theory. One of the tasks of this paper is to sort out the conceptual connotation of the principle of liberal neutrality. What is neutrality? Who is its subject? Between whom should it be maintained? The basis of the principle of neutrality is What? What's the problem with the traditional argument of neutrality? What's the problem with skepticism, experimentalism, and autonomy? The principle of neutrality is not moral neutrality, it is based on equal respect. This paper briefly analyzes Rawls'theory of justice, Ramal's proof of neutrality, Dworkin Equity theory, Ackerman's theory of neutrality, etc. The method of resolving moral conflicts with the principle of neutrality has been criticized from all sides, both from inside and outside of liberalism, especially from liberal goodness theorists and communitarians. Communitarianism strongly criticizes the liberal neutrality from various aspects, such as the liberal self-concept, the theory that rights take precedence over good, and the liberal principle of universal justice. What is the defect of sex principle?
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D09
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 田杨;桑德尔政治哲学及其伦理探析[D];河南师范大学;2012年
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