“异常民主政体”及其意义:以博茨瓦纳为例

发布时间：2018-08-31 11:37

【摘要】：以往的民主化研究者力图通过对经济、社会精英、政治文化以及外力推动等因素的组合,构建民主发生的"一般模式"。然而,以博茨瓦纳为代表的一些国家因其建立民主制度之初缺乏所谓的"支持性条件",其后又同时出现了稳定的民主政治与良好的治理绩效,因而被视为"异常民主政体"。对博茨瓦纳案例的考察表明,殖民遗产、政党与政党政治以及制度妥协构成了促进该国成功民主化的三大支柱。民主化"异常案例"的存在为民主化研究带来了新的研究视角和反思。所谓民主化的"一般模式"并不存在,民主并非因结构性因素简单叠加而机械性地出现。此外,现有的民主化理论研究较多关注大国的民主转型,对于以"异常案例"为代表的小国经验未予重视。
[Abstract]:The former democratization researchers tried to construct the "general mode" of democracy through the combination of economic, social elite, political culture and external forces. However, some countries represented by Botswana are regarded as "abnormal democracies" due to their lack of so-called "supportive conditions" at the beginning of the establishment of democracy and the subsequent emergence of stable democratic politics and good governance performance. The case study of Botswana shows that colonial legacy, political compromise between political parties and political parties, and institutional compromise constitute the three pillars to promote the successful democratization of the country. The existence of abnormal cases of democratization brings a new perspective and reflection to democratization research. The so-called "general model" of democratization does not exist, and democracy does not appear mechanically because of the simple superposition of structural factors. In addition, the current research on democratization theory pays more attention to the democratic transformation of big countries, and does not pay much attention to the experience of small countries represented by "abnormal cases".
【作者单位】：上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院;华东政法大学政治学研究院;
【基金】：上海市晨光计划(15CG55)的资助
【分类号】：D082

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